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物流安全隐患亟待清除

2016-12-20 10:31:48   

重罚款轻监管多头管理造成责任真空

中国物流与采购联合会的数据显示,去年全国危险品运输量约为10亿吨,危险品道路运输企业约为1.1万户,运输车辆约31万辆,从业人员约120万人。专家认为,我国物流行业安全事故高发,既有危化品需求旺盛等客观原因,也有部门多头管理造成监管不力、企业主体责任难以落实、安全管理手段难以跟上等问题。

首先,多头管理造成责任真空,重罚款轻监管。中国物流学会会员、重庆大学经管学院教授廖成林表示,目前对危化品管理主要靠《危险化学品安全管理条例》,依据该条例安监、公安、质检、环保、交通、卫生、工商、邮政等部门各管一段,看起来“天衣无缝”,但由于危化品的流动性,责任也在随时变更,出了安全事故很难进行责任界定,由此出现责任真空。因此在实际操作中,普遍存在重罚款轻监管的问题,争利益时一哄而上,出事故时相互推诿。

其次,主体责任难以落实,重效益轻安全。一些物流企业告诉记者,按照国家规定,企业担负安全生产的主体责任,但由于危化品企业的数量很多,企业的规模、安全生产水平参差不齐,导致部分企业的主体责任落实不到位,加之一些企业重效益轻安全,为了追求效益甚至牺牲安全,产生存储仓库不达标、运输车辆不合规等安全隐患,主体责任难以真正落实。

第三,管理方式滞后,重表面轻实质。不少物流企业反映,现在安全部门的管理手法落后且大多只停留在表面上,比如检查设备是否完善、应急预案是否具备等,而对真正的应急处置能力却重视不够。发现问题时,也会下达整改通知书,但对整改的效果重视不够。

记者在采访中发现,由于物流安全隐患突出,一些原本具备危化品储存和运输资质的大型物流企业,因为担心出现安全问题而“谈危色变”,纷纷退出危化品项目,导致“劣币驱逐良币”。“现在再谈危化品项目,不但董事会通不过,就是在党组会上也不会通过。”一位国有企业负责人说。

亟待加强安全管理排除安全隐患

专家和物流企业认为,反复发生的事故,要从体制上找原因;经常发生的事故,要从规律上找原因。当前应针对物流中的突出隐患,进一步完善法规,理顺体制,提升手段,以避免隐患演变成事故。

廖成林认为,应完善法律规范,理顺管理体制。我国现行的危化品监管法规体系存在着立法滞后、可操作性弱、刚性不足等突出问题,建议出台一部危化品安全管理的专门法律,进一步细化操作规范,增强可操作性。同时,针对管理体制中“九龙治水”状况,也可借鉴国内食品监管体制改革及国外成功经验,削减管理部门,拉长责任链条,避免相互推诿、扯皮等问题。

另外专家建议,可以通过信息化、科学技术手段来强化监管,比如预防危化品超载问题,可以仿照国外经验,采取强制技术标准,车辆一旦超载便无法启动。记者在大连港采访了解到,该港口通过“场站应急可视化系统”,在控制中心增设电子显示屏,实现了对场站、运输工具、货物的全程可视化管理。

同时,也要提高从业人员的素质,培养安全意识。一些物流企业安全管理人员表示,传统“死记硬背”的安全意识培养和安全技能提升方式,固然能起到一定作用,但更需要提升实际操作水平以及“入脑入心”的安全意识。因此,需要在丰富安全宣传形式的同时,重点强化安全演练,提高实战能力。通过设立安全基金等方式,加大对安全防范人员的奖励,逐渐培养其安全意识。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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