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2017年个税或立法 专家:提高起征点有劫贫济富倾向

2016-12-20 10:31:40   

其实,在今年的全国两会上,时任财政部部长楼继伟已经强调简单地提高个税起征点并不公平,也不是个税改革的方向,并提出未来将建立综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制,在综合部分税目基础上实行专项扣除。

这也就意味着,我国一直以来进行的“一刀切”式的上调免征额从整体上进行的减税模式是否有助于公平,答案已经很清楚了。

“综合与分类相结合”

是个税改革方向

在北京工作的李新(化名)每个月的工资单上都会显示个税和社保费用的扣除金额,“我每月缴500多元的个税和社保费用后,拿到手的工资不到7000元,这些钱除了每个月偿还银行5000多元的房贷,2岁多的孩子每个月还得花费1000多元;我老婆的工资不固定,家里的整体收入满打满算只够日常生活,真的有点不堪重负了。如果今后出台的个税改革能够考虑到住房贷款等因素,扣除的税能够少一点,我的家庭负担也能够减轻一些。”

正在推进中的个税改革或许能够实现李新的愿望。张学诞主任告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,新一轮个税改革的方案将以综合与分类相结合为目标,逐步建立“基本扣除+专项扣除”的税前扣除制度,首套住宅按揭贷款利息、子女教育等或将逐渐被纳入专项扣除项目。

其实,建立综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制并非今年提出。早在2003年十六届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济若干问题的决定》,就已经明确提出我国个人所得税改革的方向是“实行综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制”。十八届三中全会的决定指出,要完善税收制度,逐步建立综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制。

尽管10多年来,我国的个人所得税先后对费用扣除数额和税率制度做了调整,但其课税模式一直采用分类所得制,即以个人为纳税申报单位,纳税人仅就个人的所得申报纳税项目。税务机关一般采取源泉控制的办法,请支付款项单位代为扣缴个税。

尤其是随着经济、社会的发展变化,分类所得税制也逐渐暴露出了一些问题,比如,分类制是分项考量纳税人的所得,无法综合考量纳税人的实际纳税能力,不能体现税收量能负担的原则;再比如,分类制仅就个人的单项所得规定税前扣除额,无法顾及不同纳税人的家庭负担,不能体现税收公平的原则等等。

因此,在个税改革方案出台以前,适当归并征税所得分类、完善规范税前扣除两方面将成为改革重点。张学诞向《中国经济周刊》记者表示,归并征税所得分类,是将现行11项分类所得进行适当归并,将工资薪金所得、劳务报酬、稿酬所得等经常性劳动所得归并确定为综合所得;而利息、股息、红利所得、财产租赁所得等资本性所得仍作为分类所得,可考虑仍按照现行的分类方式计征。

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