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专家预测:中低收入未来税负将降低

2016-11-01 16:02:29   北京晚报

所谓综合计征就是指,个人的全部所得,不分来源和性质都纳入课税范围。这里的“全部收入”,既包括工资收入,也包括财产性收入、工资以外的劳务收入、利息股息和红利收入、非上市公司股权转让收入等。“从原来只有工资、薪金代扣代缴个税,到未来全部所得都纳入课税范围, 从税前数字上看,纳税基数变大了 。”一位税法专家告诉记者,将股息、股权转让收入等资本性收入也计入税前的综合所得,对于目前的高收入群体来说,将会增加对他们的税收力度,因为目前的社会富余阶层中,主要的收入都来自于非工资、薪金所得。

以阿里巴巴主席、被网友称为“马爸爸”的马云为例,在刚刚公布的胡润富豪榜上,52岁的马云及其家族以2050亿财富保持第二,财富比去年增长41%。然而,马云曾在接受媒体采访时表示,他已经20多年没拿过工资了。胡润所公布的财富数额,更多是来自资本性收入。

  做减法

综合计征还伴随着减除项,即以家庭为单位,将个人职业发展再教育、首套住宅按揭贷款利息、抚养孩子的教育费等家庭必要开支在税前减除,余额征收个人所得税。

  家庭必要开支可税前减除

有增就有减。综合计征还伴随着减除项,即以家庭为单位,将家庭必要开支在税前减除,余额征收个人所得税。

“比如个人职业发展的再教育扣除,首套住宅按揭贷款利息的扣除,抚养孩子的教育扣除等,甚至是特困地区的特殊情况,理想设计中都可纳入分类扣除。”刘剑文向记者举例。

以此前讨论很广的“房贷利息可抵税”为例,记者假设购房者A在北京购买了一套250万元的普通住宅,首付50万元,剩余200万商业贷款30年。按照4.9%的商业贷款基准利率,等额本息的方式,所需要支付的利息款约为182万元。记者以均分到30年中计算,每月的利息金额为5055.5元。

假设A每月收入2万元,养老保险金、医疗保险金等四金都按照北京市的规定比例交,四金总额为3309.67元。按照目前的个税政策,A每月应纳个税为2292.58元。

如果,房贷利息也能抵扣,A每月能多抵扣5055.5元,仍按照目前3500元的个税起征点政策计算,则A每月应纳个税为1071.97元,相较2292.58元减少了1220.87元。从数字上看,房贷利息的抵扣相当于多次降息。

 预测

  中低收入者税负降低

多位税法专家告诉记者,此轮个税改革总的原则是“增低、扩中、调高”,即增加低收入者收入,扩大中等收入者比重,降低中等以下收入者的税收负担,加大对高收入者的税收力度。而在降低中低收入税负中,最主要的方式并非提高个税起征点,而是增加扣除项。

“当然,要想真正落实综合计征、分类扣除,需要一段时间,不是短期内能一步到位的。”刘剑文谈道,个税改革涉及方方面面,需要和其他税制改革同步推进。比如,需要不同部门之间建立纳税人信息共享机制,除工资以外的劳动所得、财产性收入、非上市公司股权转让和分红收入等信息,能够统一共享至税收征管部门。

“但不变的方向是,个税改革更多是从公平和正义的角度,中低收入者的税负水平是将降低的。”

本报记者 赵莹莹 J201

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