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专家预测:中低收入未来税负将降低

2016-11-01 16:02:29   北京晚报

  改革

  不是简单提高个税起征点

12万元不算高收入之外,市民们也有抱怨,3500元的免征额已经5年没有调整了。“为何不提高免征额?有没有可能在近期提高个税起征点?”这是很多“上班族”的另一个疑惑。

目前,我国实行的是分类税制的个税制,将个人所得分为工资薪金所得等11个应税项目,包括工资、薪金所得;个体工商户的生产、经营所得;劳务报酬所得;稿酬所得;利息、股息、红利所得;财产租赁所得;财产转让所得等。其中工资所得按超额累进税率征收,最高税率达45%。

2011年9月,工资薪金个税起征点从2000元提高到3500元,税率级次从9级调整为7级。

中国财政学会副会长贾康的撰文,在一定程度上道出了个税征收的现状。贾康在《税制改革应鼓励公众讨论》中谈到,就收入处于个人所得税起征点以上的工薪阶层而言,税负客观上说是偏重的。目前,针对这部分人的超额累进税收的征收机制是“单位代缴代扣”,最具足额征收的保障,起征点安排是多年以前定下的,并未根据社会经济发展和通货膨胀的情况进行调整,个税改革严重滞后。与此同时,厂主型收入高端人群不依靠工资收入,可以不给自己开工资,导致政府根本查不到其中很多人的个人所得税税基。许多高收入者交的税太少,税负太轻,这个问题一直没有得到妥善解决。

或许,正是由于个税中“交大头”的都是普通工薪阶层,“12万元高收入”的言论一出,才会引发如此大的争议。

“个税改革的方向,是将综合与分类相结合,合理调节社会收入分配,进一步平衡劳动所得与资本所得税负水平,适当加大对高收入者的征税力度。” 刘剑文分析说。

 做加法

所谓综合计征就是指,个人的全部所得,不分来源和性质都纳入课税范围。“全部收入”,既包括工资收入,也包括财产性收入、工资以外的劳务收入、利息股息和红利收入、非上市公司股权转让收入等。

  股息红利也将纳入综合所得

如何平衡劳动所得与资本所得税负水平?2003年10月,十六届三中全会首次明确提出,个人所得税的改革目标是实现综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制度。2016年3月的全国两会上,财政部部长楼继伟也表示,个税改革的思路是先合并11项税目后按综合所得计算,再做分类扣除,即综合计征、分类扣除。

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