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理财公司崩盘现担保身影 自融自保风险甚于高利贷

2015-01-13 01:51:01   中国新闻网

此外,在我国的信用体系中,担保公司的特殊角色,使其不仅在企业获取银行贷款的融资过程中不可或缺,在履约、工程支付、购买设备等非融资领域,也与企业的经营和现金流密切相关。在这种背景下,不管是非融资性担保公司还是融资性担保公司,一旦违规导致资金链断裂,就特别容易把业务关联企业拖入泥淖,进而把这种风险传导到金融体系。

记者了解到,以“自融”为目的的担保公司本身就是一个风险源头,而且这种风险极易沿着担保链条向外界递传,使其比普通民间融资行为乃至高利贷所产生的风险更大。这是因为,为居间理财提供担保的融资性担保公司,一头连着面向公众的集资链条,一头连着包括企业甚至银行在内的担保链条,风险的交叉传导和对外发散有可能诱发整个行业乃至地区金融体系内的“蝴蝶效应”。

值得注意的是,不断出现的担保公司异化行为,已经对整个融资担保行业也造成了严重冲击。以四川为例,汇通、安信等大型民营担保公司出事后,四川的民营融资担保行业正面临来自商业银行拒绝合作的巨大压力。

据一位担保从业人士透露,汇通事件后,四川省内商业银行与民营担保机构的合作基本停滞。有的银行不续贷、不展期,甚至提前扣收保证金,要求融担公司提前代偿未到期的担保贷款;有的银行总行甚至明确发出通知,要求分支机构结束既有银担业务后,暂停与民营担保公司的合作。这对正规经营的融担公司造成了巨大影响。

实际上,今年以来四川已经曝出数十家居间理财公司崩盘案例,如东大汇通、财富联盟、万融和、富生等,背后不少闪现着包括鹏润、汇通、安信、澳浜等在内的担保公司身影。其中不乏不同居间理财公司、担保公司之间项目关联交叉的情况,由一家问题平台引发“连锁反应”导致更多问题项目暴露的情况也不鲜见。

亿元案件频发危及融资环境

当前曝出的风险事件金额从数亿元到数十亿元,而且涉及债权人众多,实际控制人及高管失联、出逃的情况时有发生,给当地担保行业、融资环境及社会稳定造成了较大负面影响。

融资性担保行业实际是在国家缓解中小企业贷款难、鼓励民间金融创新政策背景下发展起来的,在为小微企业提供融资服务和促进地方经济发展等方面起到了重要作用。

尽管如此,担保公司和居间理财相互缠绕之后出现的问题,一直令监管部门感到棘手。由国务院批准、银监会负责召集的融资性担保业务监管部际联席会议办公室,于2014年7月31日印发的《关于融资性担保机构违规关联担保有关风险的提示函》就指出,正是融资性担保公司的关联方通过另设理财类公司或P2P平台等方式向社会集资,再由融资性担保公司提供担保,并将募集的资金用于关联或民间借贷等活动,因资金链断裂、巨额债务不能到期支付而引发了系列风险案件。

实际上,我国在2010年就已经出台《融资性担保公司暂行管理办法》,对该类公司的经营原则、业务范围、监管体制和风险控制等进行了全面规定。但担保圈的违规违法经营仍然屡禁不止,尤其是近年来与担保公司纠缠不清的居间理财公司、P2P平台的大量兴起,使这种情况更加突出,并呈现出新的特点。

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