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内地汽油税负比高达34% 未来油价上涨税负也难降

2014-12-02 08:19:14   新京报

3

中国油价中的税负水平是否合理?

专家称,成品油中税负水平是否合理要看税收的调节目的,而此次调整从长期来看有利于资源和环境。

目前中国油价中的税负水平是否合理?

中央财经大学税务学院副院长刘桓表示,中国成品油中的税负水平与国际上相比是中等偏低的,未来可能还有进一步提高的空间。

刘桓表示,中国的油价中包含了较高的油税,这是受到资源环境和能源消耗制约所致。另外,去年召开的十八届三中全会提到税改,其中明确提出要调整消费税的税率,因此这次消费税上调并不意外。

张斌表示,成品油中税负水平是否合理要看税收的调节目的。张斌称,我国提出资源节约和环境保护,其实现需要有相应的政策支持,其中税收就是一种调控工具,此次政策的调整从长期来看有利于资源和环境。

林伯强表示,到底应该征多少税才合理,理论上得不出一个最优的结论。目前油品征税承载的目标太多,比如为了节能减排要增税抑制需求,但又要保证老百姓生活水平,税负不能太高,多个目标彼此冲突,该以谁为主,业界存在争议。

4

如果将来油价上涨税负会下调吗?

多位财税专家表示,税收是长效机制,未来即使油价上涨,也不太可能出现税负下调的情况。

在国内汽、柴油价格不断下跌之际,成品油消费税上调。那么,未来如果油价上涨,消费税是否会下调?

中国社科院财经战略研究院汪德华表示,消费税目前实施的是消费税暂行条例,尚未上升到税法,所以只要报国务院批准,财政部和国税总局就可以进行调整。

对于如果未来油价上涨是否会下调税负,多位财税专家表示,税收是长效机制,成品油的税负不会随着油价的变化进行调整,未来即使油价上涨,也不太可能出现税负下调的情况。

刘桓表示,价格是随行就市的,而税收是长效机制,二者没有必要完全挂钩。

张斌表示,即使油价上涨也不太可能下调税负。从以往的经验来看,如果未来油价大幅上涨,一般不是依靠降低成品油的税负来进行调节,而是通过补贴的形式照顾中低收入阶层。

林伯强认为,中国是个缺油的国家,油价比较低的时候,用增税来抑制需求对提高能源使用效率有好处。但关键问题是,当油价又涨到8元多时,税费应该下调,还之于民,“不能是低的时候多收税,高的时候不减税。”林伯强说。

5

消费税上调带来多少新增税收?

以2013年的数据测算,此次消费税上调后,汽柴油消费税全年增加400多亿元。

根据中国石化经济技术研究院提供的数据,2013年我国汽油消费量为9419万吨,相当于1290亿升,柴油消费量为1.7亿吨,相当于2000亿升。以此测算,此次消费税上调后,汽柴油消费税全年增加400多亿元。

刘桓表示,从数额上来看,增加的400多亿元税收相对于财政收入不算大,但调控的意义比较大。去年,全国财政收入将近13万亿元,全国税收收入有11万亿元。

对于新增税收收入的使用,财政部表示,新增收入纳入一般公共预算统筹安排,主要用于治理环境污染、应对气候变化的财政资金,其次是用于促进节约能源,鼓励新能源汽车发展。

张斌表示,根据财政部的口径,纳入一般公共预算统筹安排在制度上就不是专款专用,而是进入“大盘子”后增加几个目标项的支出,比如环保和新能源汽车的支出就多一些。

刘桓也表达了同样的看法,这些增加的税收收入最后还是会放在“大盘子”中统筹安排。

□新京报记者李蕾李媛北京报道

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