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【防治荒漠化·库布其在行动】从“死亡之海”到生命绿洲

2017-09-21 13:12:14   国际在线

穿沙公路的建成,带动了全旗交通、旅游、扶贫等方面全面发展。极大地缩短了杭锦旗梁外地区与沿河地区之间的运输里程,每年可节约工农业产品运费2000多万元,增加旅游收入1000多万元,增加过路收入600多万元。

此外,杭锦旗还鼓励企业和个人以承包“五荒”、入股、土地流转、合作经营等方式参与生态工程。对成绩突出的企业和造林大户,优先纳入工程范围。仅2009年以来,企业和农牧民的生态建设投入就达到30多亿元,有效缓解了政府投入压力。

全国第五次荒漠化和沙化土地监测显示,过去5年间,库布其沙漠流动沙丘减少了49万亩,中度、极重度沙化土地减少114万多亩。

  企业发力点沙成“金”

生态建设投入大,没有产业和效益驱动,难以持久。多年来,一批企业在政策支持下,投资参与库布其沙漠生态治理,发展林沙产业,探索出一条生态、经济、社会效益多赢之路。

甘草既是药材又能固沙、改良土质。20多年来,亿利集团在沙地里种甘草5万多亩,还以“公司+农牧户”的方式建设甘草种植基地,为旗下的中蒙药厂提供了优质原料,并出口日、韩、德等国,现已在建设黑枸杞、肉苁蓉等沙地药材种植项目。

生态光伏是亿利治沙扶贫的另一个重要模式。亿利集团在库布其沙漠规划建设1000MWp生态光伏治沙项目。目前治沙2万亩,年发电5亿度。

库布其沙漠年日照时数3800小时以上,沙漠发电量充足。同时,利用光伏板遮光挡风特点,减少沙漠蒸发量,在板下种植优良耐旱牧草,带动农牧民集约化养殖绵羊、家禽等。

内蒙古亿利生态能源光伏电站。新华社记者 邓华 摄

同圆库布其生态工业治沙有限责任公司成功利用风积沙生产出完全符合国家标准的“同圆陶瓷”牌地砖并投放市场销售,走出了一条工业治沙的新路子。而且依托鄂尔多斯丰富、优质、低廉的资源优势及天然气价格优势,大大降低了产品成本(每块砖的成本为0.3元),在全国范围内具有相当强的竞争力。

此外,当地还大力发展第三产业,响沙湾、银肯塔拉等沙漠生态旅游项目……大批企业治沙、开发林沙资源,带动了库布其沙区由单纯治沙向生态建设与生态经济发展并举转型,形成了一定规模的生态产业体系。

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