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【防治荒漠化·库布其在行动】“数”说库布其之变:从“不毛之地”到“经济绿洲”
国际在线报道(记者 王涛):库布其沙漠是中国第七大沙漠,总面积1.86万平方公里,是距离北京最近的沙漠,曾是京津冀地区三大风沙源之一。但如今走进库布其,不仅感受不到肆虐的风沙,甚至会有一种置身塞外江南的感觉。“库布其模式”的防沙治沙,不仅让这里绿了起来,更让这里的人富了起来。
库布其沙漠生态科技中心外景
从0到6000:沙漠“逆袭”变沙成绿
“以前的日子你根本想象不到,现在日子越来越有奔头!” 68岁的蒙古族老人陈宁布,是道图嘎查村的老支书,世代生活在这里的他,是库布其沙漠变绿洲的见证者。
曾经没有植被、没有公路、没有通讯的库布其沙漠,现在已经拥有了6000多平方公里的绿洲。从1988年到2016年间,库布其的沙尘暴从每年50次减少到每年1次,降雨量从每年不足100毫米增加到每年456毫米,生物种类也从不足10种增加到530种,甚至多种绝迹多年的野生动植物也重新回到沙漠中。
在治沙实践中,库布其研发了多项治沙技术和治沙方式,穿沙公路就是其中之一。穿沙公路像是一条条血管,给死亡之海注入了血液,路修到哪里,树种到那里,以路分区,分而治之,整个库布其沙漠的绿色就此铺开。以杭锦旗穿沙公路为例,截至目前,杭锦旗穿沙公路两侧共完成人工造林34万亩,飞播造林56万亩,设置沙障4.7万亩,封沙种草107万亩,极大地改善了生态环境。
同时,穿沙公路的建成,还带动了杭锦旗全旗交通、旅游、扶贫等方面全面发展,极大的缩短了杭锦旗梁外地区与沿河地区的运输里程,每年可节约工农业产品运费2000多万元,增加旅游收入1000多万元,增加过路收入600多万元。
工作人员展示环保砖的透水性
从0到3750:特色产业实现“点沙成金”
“我们的环保砖最大的优势是透气、透水、强度好,普通的砖强度只有12兆帕,我们的砖强度可以达到40兆帕,使用年限也比普通的砖要长。”说到以库布其沙漠的沙子为原料生成的砖,鄂尔多斯市同圆库布其生态工业治沙有限责任公司总经理淖门生显得很自豪。
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