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超级飓风:美国经济的多棱镜

2017-09-15 07:41:41   中国青年网

“艾尔玛”已在美国导致12人死亡,这一数字有可能继续上升,经济损失也将达到百亿美元的规模。

还有分析指出,这两场飓风还影响全球油价。飓风“哈维”肆虐墨西哥湾,美国沿岸炼厂及海上钻井平台被迫关闭,导致美国部分地区汽油供应短缺,波及全球能源市场,威力更大的“艾尔玛”飓风也从墨西哥湾掠过,推迟了石油企业恢复作业的时间。

美国政府采取应急措施

美国国会5日复会,美国总统特朗普6日越过共和党,与民主党直接达成妥协,合力将救助飓风灾区、短期提升政府债务上限、延长政府开支法案至今年12月捆绑在一起。

在民主党人全力支持、众多共和党人反对的情况下,上述一揽子法案在参众两院快速获得通过,8日经特朗普签署成为法律。此举意味着特朗普政府在3个月内避免了债务违约及政府关门风险,得以优先应对强飓风灾情和集中精力推动税改,但年底前,国会需要再次批准提升债务上限以免政府违约重创金融市场。

根据特朗普当日签署的法案,美国联邦政府除为“哈维”飓风灾区提供79亿美元救灾援助外,还把“艾尔玛”飓风纳入考量,追加了74亿美元救助款用于2017年美国受灾最严重地区。据美国国会预算局估计,其中57%的救助款(约87亿美元)将在2020年或更晚投入使用。

此外,美国联邦紧急措施署日前宣布在休斯敦市中心成立灾害恢复中心,用于为遭受飓风灾害的民众提供咨询登记等服务。这是“哈维”飓风后在休斯敦成立的首家灾害恢复中心。联邦紧急措施署说,受灾民众可以来灾害恢复中心咨询问题、申请救助。他们还将继续物色新的灾害恢复中心地点。该机构说,飓风灾害发生以来,共接到超过50万份灾民救助申请,并批准了近1.2亿美元援助款项。这些款项涉及范围包括为灾民提供临时住房、交通补贴以及医疗服务等。

另据报道,美国得克萨斯州总检察长办公室12日宣布,总检察长肯·帕克斯顿已经对当地3家在“哈维”飓风期间哄抬物价的企业提起诉讼。

根据得州法律,灾害状态下任何人不得过度提高汽油、食品、药品等必需品价格,否则可能被处以2万至27万美元罚金。据得州总检察长办公室统计,“哈维”飓风期间,办公室共接到3300多起有关哄抬物价的投诉。来自总检察长办公室的声明说,这3家企业包括两家加油站和一家酒店。其中,酒店在飓风期间每晚的房价涨至平时的3倍,两家加油站也大幅上调汽油价格。其中一家在飓风期间将无铅汽油价格上调到每加仑9.99美元,为平时的3倍多。

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