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知识产权侵权大数据报告:为侵权人敲响一记警钟

2017-09-14 14:37:23   中国青年网

根据报告,知产侵权案件中原被告均以法人为主,其中原告中法人占比87.32%。就著作权纠纷而言,尽管从本报告中无从得知该类纠纷案件原告类型的占比,但通过简单的数学计算可以得出,在著作权侵权案件中,原告是法人的占比至少74%。

从上述比例可以看出,提起诉讼的著作权人多为法人,然而通常观念是著作权应归属于创作作品的公民,何以诸多法人成为著作权人?

且看特殊职务作品之著作权归属——公民为完成法人或者其他组织工作任务所创作的作品是职务作品,原则上职务作品的著作权归该公民所有,但在两种情形下的职务作品,其权利归属于该法人或其他组织,具体包括:1.主要是利用法人或者其他组织的物质技术条件创作,并由法人或者其他组织承担责任的工程设计图、产品设计图、地图、计算机软件等职务作品;2.法律、行政法规规定或者合同约定著作权由法人或者其他组织享有的职务作品。

司法实践中如何认定,可以通过两个案例观察之:

案例一:刘某与杨某然著作权权属纠纷案

裁判观点:

在创作过程中,原审被告共某公司不仅组织人员进行创作,还提供了一定的物质技术条件,并进行了市场调研,对网络课程改版优化、排版成书。还在图书版权页上注明“凡属合法出版之本书,封底均有涂层胶贴;凡无此胶贴者均属未经授权之版本,上海共某教育科技有限公司将予以追究”字样,以表明如发生侵权,由共某公司追究相关责任。可见,系争作品的创作主要利用了共某公司的物质技术条件,并由共某公司承担责任,符合法律认定特殊职务作品及上述情形1的要件。同时法院还指出,职务作品类型不以情形1中所列举的类型为限。

案例二:胡进庆、吴云初诉上海美术电影制片厂著作权权属纠纷二审案

裁判观点:

系争作品属于上述情形2之职务作品,原因有四:首先,虽然双方未签订著作权归属书面合同,但系特定历史条件下的行为,且当时法律法规并无规范,所以应深入探究当事人行为时所采取的具体形式及其真实意思表示;其次,根据当时经济体制、法律制度、社会现实和约定俗成的普遍认知,完成工作任务所创作的成果归属于单位;再次,通过单位的规章制度、明令禁止、获得报酬、双方的言行等方面探究发现,双方通过实际行为表明认可单位有权对作品进行支配;最后,尽管单位未对上诉人独立出版行为施加干涉,但并不表明单位放弃权利,不能看作系单位对权属问题的表态。因此,本案系争作品属于特殊职务作品,除署名权外其著作权归属于单位。

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