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欧盟反垄断迷局:英特尔案8年首现反转,谷歌上诉

2017-09-14 10:02:28   央广网

而布鲁塞尔的众多业内人士却有着截然相反的看法。

乔斯就认为,欧委会一直没有这样的自由裁量权。截至目前,欧委会在裁决垄断行为前,都需要考虑垄断企业可能会发出的抗辩。

他认为,英特尔案对于悬而未决的高通案和谷歌案的影响在于,欧委会不能再仅仅由于忠诚折扣的存在,就断言企业存在滥用支配地位的行为。欧委会需要分析并总结是否此类折扣产生了排他的效果,“这代表着实际效果和假设效果相比,前者胜出。”

上述观察人士也对第一财经记者称:“这并没有什么隐藏的信息,如果有什么信号,也是欧洲法院告诉普通法院需要更加注意经济学论据,而并不是要向欧委会发出什么信号。”

该观察人士认为,这个裁决让欧盟的判例向美国企业靠拢了一些。在过去20年中,美国的反垄断案都需要非常仔细的经济学分析。法院需要审核欧委会(执法机关)的工作,所以他觉得是把一些“对权力的监督和制衡(check and balance)”植入了整个体系。这意味欧委会需要达到法院设立的标准。

他认为,欧盟针对高通的类似忠诚折扣调查可能会受影响。

但对于将要正式起诉的谷歌公司而言,这个判例能够起到的作用有待商榷。欧盟处罚谷歌,是由于谷歌在搜索结果中偏袒自家的谷歌购物,在竞价购物服务领域滥用市场竞争地位。

代表FairSearch(包含各类谷歌比价竞争对手的游说机构)负责谷歌案的高伟绅律师事务所(Clifford Chance)合伙人托马斯(Thomas)通过邮件对第一财经记者称,在英特尔判决中,并没有任何是谷歌案可以借鉴的。

“我需要澄清一下。”他说,“欧委会对于谷歌在比较购物方面的决定并不是一个折扣案例,英特尔的判决与法院如何处理关于欧盟决定的上诉是没有关系的。”

同为创纪录罚单的对象,谷歌的表现也如此前的英特尔一样强硬。6月底,欧盟罚单甫一开出,谷歌总顾问肯特·沃克即在一份声明中表示:“我们不认同欧盟宣布的调查结果和处罚决定,我们将对该裁决进行详细评估,因为公司正考虑提出上诉。”到今天,上诉的消息已正式发出。

8月底,谷歌已经向欧委会提交关于调整Google Shopping服务的计划,以满足欧盟的反垄断法。欧委会正在审阅该计划,除了要求谷歌在8月29日之前提交整改方案外,欧盟还要求谷歌在9月28日前停止垄断行为。

而涉及谷歌案的各方也开始纷纷表态,态度坚定且措辞微妙。欧盟发言人表示,将在法庭上与谷歌据理力争。普通法院的一名发言人则称,谷歌在上诉文件中并未要求暂时停止执行欧盟的裁决。

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