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欧盟反垄断迷局:英特尔案8年首现反转,谷歌上诉

2017-09-14 10:02:28   央广网

乔斯认为,现在,这可能需要花费普通法院一年或是18个月,涉及该案的各方人士也会被要求向法院提交意见。

一位不愿透露姓名的布鲁塞尔观察人士对第一财经记者说出了另一个漫漫上诉无穷尽的版本:普通法院需要重新审核证据,并再次质询欧委会,来决定欧委会的罚单是否合理,如果过程全部走完,大概要花费2~3年的时间。而在这之后,如果普通法院再次做出驳回的判决,英特尔再次上诉,那么又将耗费1~2年。最终,如果判决是判欧委会输了,那么欧委会需要纠正之前错误并再做出一个处罚书,那么就又增加了1~2年,这之后,可能英特尔仍会选择上诉……

对于这个可能陷入绵延不绝上诉周期的案子,大部分人觉得前路未卜。接受第一财经记者采访的所有人士中最为乐观的是斯坦福反垄断法和知识产权教授道格拉斯·米拉姆德(A.Douglas Melamed)。他曾在2009年至2014年6月担任英特尔的副总裁兼法律总顾问,全面监管英特尔的法律事务、公司和政府事务,上一轮任期刚好覆盖到了部分上诉周期。

米拉姆德认为,英特尔最终获胜的可能性很大。判决要求法院判定英特尔的折扣是否实际损害了整体市场的竞争,根据它占市场大小的覆盖率、它的持续时间,以及欧委会的同等效率竞争者测试(as efficient competitor test,‘theAECtest’;欧委会为英特尔案所作经济学分析的方法)。

“这里面的折扣只大致覆盖到在相关时间段内14%的市场,在一些情况中,只有一些客户的生产线被涉及了,持续的时间也很短。欧委会使用了AEC测试,但是结论似乎是错误的,因为该结论的做出是基于当时英特尔并不知晓的信息。”他对第一财经记者说,“我想英特尔取胜机会很大。”

谷歌和高通也能扳回一局吗?

欧洲法院的裁决一经出炉,舆论推论,众多科技公司(几乎都是美国公司)应该顿感欢欣鼓舞。显然,如果8年前的英特尔案也有可能彻底翻盘,那么无论是刚刚被罚的谷歌还是正在被调查的高通,也许也有机会扳回一局,欧委会的调查也会更为审慎。

翻阅过往记录,20多年来,欧委会从未在重大反垄断官司中败诉。有多位业内人士曾私下对第一财经记者称,自玛格丽特·维斯塔格履新以来,她雷厉风行的作风,已颇让一批公司胆寒,尤其是美国公司。这不由让人猜测,欧洲法院此举,是否也在向执法机构传达出更为审慎的信号?

身处美国硅谷的米拉姆德就对第一财经记者表示,欧洲法院的这些要求将会显著地减少欧委会的自由裁量权。他认为,从技术上说,这个决定至少说明了两个重点:第一,即使是一个具有市场支配地位的企业,也可能合法地介入到激烈竞争中,只要其行为并不排除另一个具有同等效率的竞争者。第二,对竞争造成损害将不会从行为本身被假定,即使这是一种可以损害竞争的类型。取而代之的是,各方被允许进行辩论,这类行为会不会在所有情形下都损害竞争。

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