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第一人称视点镜头构成了电影的风格化
《声之形》的导演山田尚子长于以真人电影般的镜头语言展现动画作品,这一点在她此前的动画电影作品《玉子爱情故事》中便有精彩的展现,《声之形》则更为精进,大量饱含情绪的将也第一人称视点镜头构成了整部电影风格化的个性表达,也成为了传递电影主题的最佳形式。比如将也和硝子的妹妹结弦在雨中对话的场景,巨大的红伞垂下来遮挡在两人中间,顺着将也的视点镜头,我们只能看到结弦的小腿,以及红伞下沿低落的雨水。近乎静止的画面中,唯有透明的雨点在伞角凝结成水滴,落在湿乎乎的路面上扩散起涟漪。向下的视线展现了将也不敢直视他人的脸,不敢与他人建立联结的自卑,但红伞、水珠与涟漪却又暴露了他内心的温柔、动荡,以及对于友情的隐秘期待。而当结弦抬起红伞,露出带着笑意的脸,就仿佛推开了将也的心墙,令故事外的观众与将也一起,感受到了被接纳的温暖。
电影中其他一些细节也都处理得令人印象深刻。比如长期被孤立的将也在学校里不敢看其他同学的脸,所以每个人的脸上都有一个巨大的蓝色“×”号,每当将也与一个人建立了情感的羁绊,那个人脸上的“×”号就会被揭下。当将也终于接纳了自己、鼓起勇气正视世界,所有人脸上的“×”号同时落地,伴随着明快振奋的背景音乐,将也抬起头,视线上移,目之所及,尽是明媚的笑颜。这份获得了拯救的感动透过镜头清晰地传达到观众心中。
女主人公硝子像镜子映照出他人的悲欢
影片中硝子的所有手语都没有翻译,观众由此产生的那种“我看不懂她在说什么”的焦虑,实际上恰恰是故事中所有伤痛的起点。“我不理解她/他在说什么,她/他是否也无法理解我?”“她/他是不是从未尝试过理解我?”“无法理解她/他、无法被她/他理解是不是我的错?”许许多多这样的焦虑最终变成不知深浅的恶作剧甚至怨恨。但其实那不过是对于“我想要更加理解你”的错误表达。他们都犯了错,所以心怀愧疚,努力弥补。但这还远远不够,他们必须学会接纳那个犯错的自己,回想起最初那个“我想要更加理解你”的朴素心愿,悲伤才会真正结束。
女主人公硝子是整部作品中在角色塑造方面最受争议的角色。相比其他角色而言,硝子的形象过于单薄,内心活动的展现也不够明晰,她总是温和而善良地原谅所有人。但其实从硝子的名字便可看出,这本身就是一个极具象征性的人物。“硝子”虽然作为女主人公的名字时读作“shyouko”,但实际上这个词在日文中通行的读法是“garasu”,也就是英语“glass”的日语发音,含义也是玻璃。女主人公硝子其实就像是一块玻璃,或者镜子,透明而纯粹地映照出其他人物的喜怒悲欢。她无条件地接受一切,却让所有人在她身上更加清晰地看到了自我。将也与永束成为朋友时,硝子决定寻找曾经的朋友佐原;将也陷入绝望的时候,硝子决定自杀。硝子与将也的情感是同步的,她总是将也内心情绪的外化——考虑到将也的“将”与硝子的“硝”日语发音相同,这种对应关系就更加明显了。从这样的角度看,硝子无条件的谅解实际上也具有隐喻的内涵——每个绝望的自我都在希冀着获得自己的原谅。
□天白(流行文化研究者)
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