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女员工“隐孕入职”引争议:入职三天怀孕 休完产假辞职

2017-09-11 06:07:37   央广网

汪女士在当年2月进入某网络发展公司担任人事专员,合同期为一年。刚过试用期不久,她称,发现自己又怀孕了。

汪女士:我就立马告诉了公司我怀孕了这个事实。因为我不想欺骗公司。

然后5月底,汪女士却接到被公司辞退的通知。

汪女士:以我试用期不合格为由辞退了我,说我能力达不到。

为了索权,她找到劳动部门仲裁。仲裁委最终裁决为,公司要赔偿汪女士工资和赔偿金四千三百多元。但公司一直没有支付。该公司一名负责人表示,汪女士欺骗了公司,令负责人“非常不满”:因为她生了小孩。我们没打算招一个未婚的小女孩。这是一个主要的原因。她是作为公司高管招进来的,但是有个很不幸的事情,她进公司的时候就已经怀孕了。她瞒报了这个事情。

实际上,“隐孕”已经悄悄成为一些职业女生的生存策略。尽管《劳动法》规定,在录用职工时,除国家规定的不适合妇女的工种或者岗位外,不得以性别为由拒绝录用妇女或者提高对妇女的录用标准。但在现实当中,一些用人单位认为,怀孕女职工太多,必然会影响企业正常工作,在招聘时或签订劳动合同的时候,直接要求女职工“N年不准怀孕”,甚至还出现过“女教师排队怀孕”等情况。而从女性角度来讲,怀孕影响入职、加薪、升职,因此会有人在面试时隐瞒婚姻、怀孕的真实情况,即便在入职后怀孕,也不愿向用人单位透露实情。

那么,女性职工客观上在入职后怀孕与主观上隐孕,是否都受到法律保护呢?

北京岳成律师事务所律师杨保全:有些人可能无意地就怀孕了,后来决定想要孩子,当然有些人可能是有意地想找一个单位,就是要来这个单位怀孕等等。不同人的主观心态是不一样的,但是从法律的角度,并没有具体区分那么多。法律认为怀孕生孩子是一个自然权利,无论是在入职前、入职后,无论是入职很长时间的怀孕还是刚入职就怀孕,法律都认为这是员工的法定权利。

现实中,一些用人单位通过各种方式对女性职工是否怀孕进行调查,甚至做出要求或进行约定。这种做法和约定,是否符合法律规定?

杨保全:在法律上,单位在入职前的背景调查,它的要求是跟员工的工作跟劳动合同的签订和履行有关系的事项,跟是否怀孕是没有关系的。因为在实践当中很多单位都在查,但是我们说为什么那么多判决最后认为,即便查出来的员工有这种欺瞒行为,也认定单位解除(劳动合同)违法,就是因为在法律上单位有没有权利查这件事情,所以你查吧,它也是无效的。不存在隐婚隐孕在法律上会被认定成员工违反了纪律或者承诺。

那么对于主观隐孕的职业女性,是否公司只能吃所谓的“哑巴亏”呢?

杨保全:实践中我们看到某一些案例,确实是这个员工的恶意性比较大,以各种理由不上班,也没有提供任何劳动,单位还付出了很多的代价。这种做法确实是超出了一般常规,但是不能完全从法律角度去约束,可能只能从道德角度(谴责)包括这个女员工在入职其他单位的时候,有没有可能说别的单位知道这件事情,对这个人有一个判断。但是要从法律上来讲,员工的这种行为是不违反规定的。

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