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用饮品送服药物可不可取?专家:饮料成分较复杂

2017-09-09 06:46:42   央广网

服西药

虽然关于绿豆影响药效的传闻很多,但目前为止还未有确切证据表明绿豆能让某种药物失效。现代研究发现:绿豆中含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素B1、维生素B2、胡萝卜素、烟酸、叶酸、矿物质钙、磷、铁等。此外,绿豆中还含有牡荆素、β-谷甾醇、鞣质、黄酮、香豆素、生物碱、植物甾醇、皂苷等生物活性物质。这些成分决定了它具有调血脂、降胆固醇、抗过敏、抗菌、抗肿瘤、增强食欲、保肝护肾等作用。

绿豆中的蛋白质、鞣质和黄酮类化合物可与有机磷农药、汞、砷、铅化合物结合形成沉淀物,使之减少或失去毒性,并不易被胃肠道吸收。因此,在误服农药导致中毒或重金属(如铜、铅、铁、镉、汞等)中毒时,可服用绿豆汤或用生绿豆研粉冲服来解毒。

同理,以生物碱(如麻黄碱、莨菪碱、吗啡、咖啡因等)、金属离子为活性成分的药物(如维生素B12、钙制剂、铁制剂等)可以与绿豆中的成分结合为不溶物,不利于药物的吸收,也使得这些药物失效,因此在服用这些药物时最好不要使用绿豆汤。

4.含乳饮料

牛奶、含乳饮料含有丰富的蛋白质,总体来说能够明显影响人体对药物的吸收速度,降低药效。用含乳饮料服药,很容易令胃肠出现钙化物,导致药力失效,严重者更会生成胆结石、肾结石。含乳饮料内丰富的钙离子,可与四环素族、异烟肼生成络合物或螯合物,使其不易被胃肠道吸收,减弱抗菌作用。钙离子还可导致洋地黄、地高辛等药物治疗时易产生中毒反应。此外,牛奶、奶酪等乳制品富含组氨酸,不应与抗过敏药同服(扑尔敏、氯雷他定),以免造成体内组胺蓄积,诱发头晕、头痛、心慌等不适症状。另外,服用止泻药不能饮用牛奶,因为牛奶不仅降低止泻药的药效,其含有的乳糖可能加重腹泻。因此,在服药前后1-2小时内最好也不要喝含乳饮料。

以上不难看出,服药用温白开水最好,因为温白开水不会影响各种药物的吸收。而各种饮料、果汁、牛奶等由于其中的成分较复杂,都不宜作为服药时的“水”,否则将有可能影响疗效,甚至产生一些严重不良后果。

另外,服药时对饮用的开水温度也有一定要求,治疗胃病、感冒等疾患的药物,水温宜热,以比通常水温感觉烫为适宜。但有六类药不宜用热开水送服,包括助消化药、维生素、止咳糖浆、活疫苗、含活性菌类、清热类中成药。多酶片胃蛋白酶合剂、胰酶片、多酶片、酵母乳酶生、维生素C等助消化药,遇到高温极容易受到破坏而失效,因此服用时不宜用开水冲化而应以温开水送服。小儿麻痹糖丸属于活疫苗类,因此,宜用凉开水送服小儿麻痹症糖丸等活疫苗。

文/莫鹏(火箭军总医院)

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