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普洱茶不能防癌反致癌? 专家:无稽之谈

2017-09-07 11:01:47   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京9月7日讯 (记者 吴晓薇)“茶之为饮,发乎神农氏。”作为我国传统饮料,茶一直因其保健养生功效在健康领域的地位颇高。其中普洱茶因为可以降低血脂、减肥、抑菌助消化,令消费者更为青睐。然而最近有观点称,普洱茶非但不能起到保健作用,反而会因为其中的黄曲霉毒素致癌。此观点一出现,便遭到茶叶领域多位专家的强烈反对。其实,普洱茶本身几乎不可能含有产生黄曲霉毒素,只是一些劣质的茶叶因存储不当被环境污染。

为何茶叶不能防癌反而致癌?该观点称,普洱茶中含有黄曲霉毒素,而黄曲霉毒素正是早已被证实的致癌物质。经济日报-中国经济网记者注意到,该观点所引用的数据为:2010年广州市疾病预防中心研究人员抽查广州市场上的70份普洱茶样品,发现全都能检测出黄曲霉素。此外,也检测到另外三种真菌毒素:伏马菌素、T-2毒素和呕吐毒素。

对此,陈茶仓储专家、茶文化专家吴顶明指出,这些茶样全部都是在广州市场抽检的。由于纬度低,广州市的湿度温度都偏高,所以黑茶在北纬31度以南的地区非常难找到好的存放地点。众所周知普洱茶是黑茶类茶,此类茶的加工特点是后发酵,通过渥堆使得黑茶在口感和功效上得以提高。黑茶后氧化需要有适当的湿度和温度,而长期在高温高湿状态下存放就极可能成为“湿仓茶”,这样的茶已经不算合格且正常的普洱茶了。也就是说,从70份普洱茶中检测出的黄曲霉毒素并非茶叶自身产生,而是因为仓储条件恶劣,导致茶叶被储存环境中的黄曲霉毒素污染。

据经济日报-中国经济网记者了解,湿仓是普洱茶在产业发展过程中兴起的一个概念,其原因是一些商人为了做假的老普洱茶,而将生茶或熟茶存放在较潮湿的地方,如地下室、地窖等高湿的环境以加快其发酵速度,手段极其恶劣。而且不只是普洱茶,几乎所有食品(包括所有茶类)在湿仓环境下,都会发生霉变。科信食品与营养信息交流中心副主任钟凯也指出,这样的茶叶本身品质不佳,仓储卫生条件更是无从谈起,因此被黄曲霉毒素污染不足为奇。

同时钟凯强调,真正品质优良的普洱茶几乎不可能出现黄曲霉毒素污染。黄曲霉毒素不溶于水,因此在泡茶的时候,毒素不会全都进入茶汤,而大家喝茶的时候也不会把茶叶吃进去。

那么普洱茶里有没有黄曲霉素?答案是概率极低,低到几乎不可能。黄曲霉素的生长条件是黄曲霉作用的基础物必须是含有蛋白类、糖、脂肪为主的物质,虽然普洱茶也有及少量的蛋白、淀粉和脂类物质,但含量实在太少。并且,在发酵过程中,普洱茶中少得可怜的蛋白质被水分解成氨基酸,微量的淀粉又被转化为碳水化合物,更少的脂类物质在厌氧发酵中由于多酶体系的作用转化为醇类物质,成了芳香类物质的一种。由于缺少转化黄曲霉毒素的物质条件,因此普洱茶几乎不可能出现黄曲霉毒素。

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