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水利资源 流淌的风景

2017-09-08 11:21:55   央广网

灌区型水利风景区是典型的工程、自然、渠网、田园、水文化等景观的综合体,灌区水渠纵横,绿树成荫,鸟啼蛙鸣。如扬州江都沿运灌区、赣抚平原灌区型、山东邢家渡引黄灌区等水利风景区。

水土保持型水利风景区把水土保持工程、生态保护与景点景观融为一体,如湖北宜昌百里荒高山草原旅游区、贵阳扎佐野生动物园、甘肃庆阳南小河沟水利风景区。

巧夺天工 独特魅力

水是构成风景的基本要素之一,无水不成景,水利工程形成的水体景观是一种宝贵的旅游资源,具有独特的风格和新颖的结构形式,风格迥异的水利工程建筑物本身就能构成旅游景点。中华水文化专家委员会委员王凯认为,水利风景区之所以能吸引游客的原因主要有以下三点:

首先是人的亲水性。亲水是指人愿意接近水的一种物理现象和心理状态。由水的自然属性和社会属性可知,水不仅是一种物质资源,也是一种精神资源,是分布广泛而又作用突出的景观资源,可使人陶冶情操、平心静气。水景观的美学特征体现出的表相美、时相美、位相美和境相美,使人们喜欢在水边休闲、散步、游憩,不同的水景给人们带来不同的亲水感受。

其次是因为水利工程景观的稀有性。水利工程是水利风景区重要的景观资源与审美对象:水库型水利风景区大坝高大宏伟、水面广阔;水土保持型水利风景区山水林田湖融为一体,形成一幅山水画,兼具生产性、生态性和旅游资源性;城市河湖型水利风景区滨水空间展示河流文化与地域文化……水利风景区的水工建筑物既有水利功能,又可对其进行文化解读,具有与其它景区景观不同的稀有性。

再次是水文化的多元性。水文化是水利风景区的核心与灵魂,古代治水先贤的治水智慧和治水功绩让人们记忆缅怀;文人墨客游历河流、湖泊时吟诵的诗词歌赋给河湖增加了文学色彩;水文化的多样性使河流湖泊更具人文性;人们一边游览河流湖泊,一边与古人对话,仿佛穿越历史的长廊。水利风景区以其特有的魅力吸引着游客。

人水和谐 任重道远

“山得水而活,水得山而壮”。水不但能够直接给人以美的愉悦和享受,还常以滋润万物、浮天载地之能造化出山水之美。从古到今人类与水息息相关,守护“生命之源”,实现人水和谐,才能创造出美好家园。

与大地山河不离不弃,天人合一,正是炎黄子孙孜孜追求的理想生活。“山川之美,古来共谈”,是中华民族崇尚山水自然美的真实写照。水土、风水,这两个中国人常挂在嘴边的词汇,通俗而又全面地概括了水在中国人传统环境意识中的地位,也确定了水在中国风景中的灵魂作用。

王凯介绍说,截至去年,全国已有778个国家水利风景区,各地也涌现了千余个省级水利风景区,形成了涵盖全国主要江河湖库、重点灌区、水土流失治理区的水利风景区群落,不少水利风景区已经成为当地人气最旺、效益最好的休闲娱乐场所,也成为开展水情教育、展示水利成就的重要窗口。我们应该重视水利旅游发展的重大意义,去了解水利、保护水利。这样,水利资源的开发和利用才能实现可持续发展,人与自然才能实现和谐相处。

在吕娟看来,不当的水利旅游会导致水体污染、植被破坏,甚至动物死亡,也会对水利工程造成一定影响。所以,一定要加强对水利旅游开发与运行的监管,制定相应的法律法规,在保障水利工程、水利环境安全运行的前提下开展旅游。她强调,水利风景区的开发一定要避免大拆大建的做法,要保护好传统的生产方式,通过改善水质、整治周边环境等方式来给水利资源“美容”,让养在深山人未知的水利资源走进人们的视野,成为独具魅力的水利风景区,而这需要更长久的时间和更细致的努力。

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