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为什么要把家庭教育写入民法典

2017-09-07 04:16:51   中国青年网

第一,在亲属编通则中,确立儿童最佳利益原则,规定:父母等监护人在处理涉及儿童的家庭事务或对儿童进行家庭教育时,应当以儿童最佳利益为首要考虑。同时增加“家庭教育指导与服务”的原则性规定。可规定:教育行政部门、婚姻登记机关、妇女联合会、共产主义青年团应当在各自职责范围内,组织开展家庭教育指导与服务。国家鼓励社会组织提供家庭教育服务。这一方面有利于转变家庭教育纯属私人事务的传统观念,突出国家在家庭教育中的责任;另一方面,为相关部门制定幼儿教育、学校教育、结婚登记中的家庭教育指导与服务的法规及操作规范,提供法律依据。

第二,在父母子女关系中,强化父母对未成年子女进行家庭教育的权利与义务。建议专条对父母履行亲职、开展家庭教育作出规定,具体可分为四款:(1)对未成年子女进行家庭教育是父母双方的职责,双方对家庭教育事项应当协商一致。(2)父母进行家庭教育时应当尊重子女的人格尊严,有利于子女身心健康,符合其身心发展需求;不得因子女的性别、健康状况等情况而歧视。不得采取体罚、辱骂等不良教育方式。(3)父母分居或者离婚的,与子女共同生活的一方应当提供必要的帮助和协助,不得限制或妨碍另一方履行教育职责。(4)父母一方死亡或被人民法院撤销监护人资格的,由另一方履行对未成年子女的教育职责。

第三,在其他近亲属的权利义务中,专条规定其他监护人的教育职责。这主要针对父母双方均已死亡、丧失监护人资格或不能履行亲职的情形,依照民法总则第27条,此种情形下,由祖(外祖)父母或者兄姐担任监护人。为此,可规定:未成年人与其他监护人共同生活的,有关未成年人家庭教育的内容适用本编对父母子女的规定。

在我国,促进家庭教育的地方立法已经起步,制定国家层面的家庭教育促进法也在全国两会上热议。在民法典亲属编中融入家庭教育的相关内容,对于推动制定国家及地方家庭教育促进法无疑将产生积极作用。

(作者:薛宁兰,系中国社会科学院法学研究所性别与法律中心主任)

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