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公开裁判文书 透视司法正义

2017-09-07 04:11:42   中国青年网

据统计,现在中国裁判文书网访问量已经覆盖了全球210多个国家和地区。在超过100亿次的总访问量中,有超过17.5亿次的访问量来自国外。

长期关注裁判文书公开工作的中国社会科学院法学所研究员田禾表示,由于司法的专业性较强,普通大众以往接触较少。2013年我国司法公开开始加速,中国裁判文书网所公开的裁判文书数量之大,为全球罕见,而司法大数据背后蕴藏了政治、经济、文化等方面的信息,随着中国国际影响力的增强,国外对中国的司法越来越关注,也彰显了中国法治在司法公开领域的自信。

数据显示,在中国裁判文书网各大洲访问总量排名中,来自亚洲地区的最多。而在国家访问排名中,韩国高居榜首,其次是印度、菲律宾、澳大利亚、日本等国。

“亚洲国家因地理位置优势与我们联系最为紧密,自然最为关注我们。”田禾认为,“尤其是韩国,作为大陆法系国家,临近中国,自古受中华法系影响深远。近年来,随着两国双边贸易、文化等方面的联系加强,韩国也增加了对中国司法的关注。”

当前,随着“一带一路”建设的深入推进,“一带一路”沿线国家访问中国裁判文书网的总量也日益增加。据统计,目前访问量已高达5.17亿次,其中,访问量超过100万次的国家有14个,超过1000万次的国家有6个。

田禾认为,司法实践中所产生的民事案件数量最多,所公开的民事案件裁判文书数量自然较多,而刑事案件与民众自身的安全紧密相关,尤其是一些社会关注度较高的刑事案件,容易形成舆论热点,因而点击量会比较靠前。至于民间借贷纠纷成为民众的搜索“热词”,这与经济发展的活跃度关系密切。

裁判文书应确保“应公开已公开”

我国裁判文书的公开经历了一个渐进的过程。

田禾介绍,以往裁判文书以纸质形式呈现,为了获取裁判文书,人们往往需要去案件审理法院实地查询,耗费大量时间和精力。2013年7月1日,最高人民法院推出中国裁判文书网,人民群众直接登录即可轻松找到所需裁判文书。最高人民法院还通过有关规定明确了不上网公开的裁判文书种类范围,强化不上网审批管理,要求所有公开的裁判文书都必须进行相应的技术处理,以保护公民隐私权。

“案例是法治的细胞,是微缩的法治。裁判文书大规模公开,人们不仅可以迅速检索到所需案件信息,还能实现各类‘细胞’的大数据实证研究,从整体上把握各类法律现象。”北京大学法学院教授白建军说。作为一名偏好大样本研究的法律学人,中国裁判文书网上的丰富案例给白建军的学术研究带来了很大便利,“我希望中国裁判文书网做得更好,为用户提供更多的检索字段维度,让人们能从更多的视角透视中国法治。”

田禾指出,目前裁判文书是否做到了“应公开已公开”还是一个问题。由于法官对裁判文书是否上网有较大的裁量权,不上网审批管理仍有不规范之处。

只有真正做到生效裁判文书的全面公开,一切非法的干预才会无立足藏身之地。韩伟表示,未来将引进第三方评估,深化对上网裁判文书的评查和分析,督促法官提升裁判文书制作水平和办案质量,探索司法公开平台与检务公开、警务公开、政府信息公开等公开平台之间的信息共享,进一步提高司法公开服务的质量和水平。

(作者:本报记者 靳昊)

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