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鲁迅与瞿秋白

2017-09-06 15:06:55   中国青年网

鲁迅是左联的主帅,但是他毕竟不是党员,是“统战对象”,所以左联中的多数党员对他尊敬有余,服从不足。瞿秋白则不同,他在党员中的威望和文学艺术上的造诣,使得党员们人人折服。所以当他参加了左联的领导工作,并对鲁迅充分信赖和支持后,就使得鲁迅如虎添翼。鲁迅与瞿秋白的亲密合作,产生了这样一种奇特的现象,以上海为中心的左翼文艺运动,在日益严重的白色恐怖下,开辟了无产阶级革命文学的道路,并且取得了辉煌的成就!

2

以文会友结为知己

这一时期,瞿秋白一度从组织上直接领导了中国共产党文化委员会(即文委,是文总的领导核心)。人们发出这样的评价:“左翼文联两领导,瞿霜鲁迅各千秋。”

过去,左联不允许盟员在资产阶级报刊上发表文章,而自己没有报纸,刊物常被查禁。瞿秋白参加领导左联后,开始逐步、有计划地占领这些宣传阵地。于是,左翼作家发表了许多反对国民党不抵抗政策的杂文、随笔、漫画等。

法国人办的百代唱片公司,在上海唱片业中首屈一指。公司业务负责人任光与田汉很熟。田汉要夏衍向瞿秋白请示,可不可以争取任光帮助,录制进步歌曲广泛发行。通过任光,把聂耳、田汉、冼星海、孙师毅等人作曲作词的进步歌曲,录制成百代公司唱片。从此,《渔光曲》、《毕业歌》、《义勇军进行曲》、《大刀进行曲》等唱遍华夏大地。

回顾左联的辉煌战绩,谁都不会忘记鲁迅和瞿秋白的作用。如果把上世纪30年代初期的左翼文艺家队伍比作冲锋陷阵的大军,那么,这支大军的统帅就是鲁迅,而瞿秋白则是当之无愧的政治委员。

冯雪峰是紫霞路瞿家的常客。瞿秋白见到他时,总是问,鲁迅近来好吗,在写什么,对左联工作有什么意见?冯雪峰见到鲁迅时,也常谈起瞿秋白,转告瞿秋白对工作的意见。鲁迅很看重他的意见。当冯雪峰把瞿秋白对一些译文的意见转达给鲁迅时,鲁迅忙说:“我们抓住他!要他从原文多翻译作品!以他的俄文和中文确是最适宜的了。”

鲁迅也很看重瞿秋白的杂文,说写的尖锐、明白、晓畅,真有才华!但也指出不足之处。鲁迅更看重瞿秋白的文艺理论文章。有几次,他对冯雪峰说:“皇皇大论!在国内文艺界,能够写出这样论文的,现在还没有第二个人!”鲁迅最初交给瞿秋白译的书,是苏联作家格拉特柯夫的长篇《新土地》,可惜这部书稿后来毁于“一·二八”事变时日军的炮火。

1931秋,曹靖华把《铁流》译稿寄给鲁迅,但未及译出涅克拉索夫写的序文。鲁迅便托冯雪峰请瞿秋白译。瞿秋白很快译出,并将《铁流》部分译稿与原著校核。不久,鲁迅又拿卢那察尔斯基《被解放的堂·吉诃德》请瞿秋白翻译。瞿秋白立即动手,译文从1931年12月起,在《北斗》上连续刊登;1933年10月,又由鲁迅交联华书店出版单行本。鲁迅在后记中说“使中国又多一部好书。”

(下转第34版)

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