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构建中国特色的发展经济学

2017-09-06 08:27:42   中国青年网

以发展为主线的中国特色社会主义政治经济学,其研究对象是在中国特色社会主义制度背景下生产方式的系统性变迁。生产方式具有两方面含义,一是技术—劳动方式,二是生产的社会形式。技术—劳动方式视角下的生产方式,指的是劳动过程中劳动者与劳动资料结合的技术条件,主要讲的是人与自然的关系。而“生产的社会形式”则应表明劳动过程中劳动者与劳动资料结合的社会条件。相对而言,前者更具有一般性,后者的特殊性更强。

以发展为主线的中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究生产力,包括微观、中观和宏观三个层面内容。微观指的是劳动者与生产资料在具体劳动过程中的技术结合方式,发生在特定的劳动时间和生产空间。中观指劳动者与生产资料是如何在不同的区域和产业中,进行技术—劳动方式的组合和搭配。这里的区域概念包括行政区域、城乡、国内、国际等多个维度;产业概念包括产业间和产业内部两个方面。宏观指技术条件下的资源配置方式,包括自然配置方式、市场配置方式和计划配置方式三种类型。

以发展为主线的中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究生产关系,即“生产的社会形式”。生产资料所有制关系是“生产的社会形式”特殊性的前置项,只有在特定的生产资料所有制关系背景下,生产的社会形式才能展开。例如,在资本主义生产资料私有制背景下,劳动者与生产资料是通过资本这个纽带间接地结合起来的,劳动过程受到资本所有者的监督和控制,劳动成果必须服从资本所有者的分配。再如,我国农地制度改革必须适应和引领农业生产方式的演进,对农业合作社、家庭农场、种田大户、“公司+农业”等农业生产方式的社会条件进行深入分析,才能从全局出发设计出合理的农地制度。

如何在新的历史背景下构建中国特色哲学社会科学,是摆在我国哲学社会科学工作者面前的重大课题。应在坚持马克思主义基本原理的前提条件下,以理论创新引领重大现实问题研究,以“生产方式的系统性变迁”为研究对象,综合探究劳动过程的技术条件和社会条件,将微观层面的主体行为、中观层面的区域和行业资源配置、宏观层面的制度建构等诸多问题纳入研究视野,构建以发展为主线的中国特色社会主义政治经济学。

(作者为南京财经大学教授、江苏省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心研究员)

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