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煤电一体化整合大幕开启 “中国神电”破壳 1.8万亿能源巨无霸谋变

2017-09-05 10:06:44   中国经济网

国家发改委价格司巡视员张满英表示,2016年电力市场化交易比例已经达到22.25%,预计2017年底,电网销售电量的35%都将变为市场化的交易模式,根据电力发展“十三五”规划,2020年将全面启动现货交易市场。

电力市场供大于求背景下的市场化改革,带来最直接的冲击就是电价下降。据统计,2016年各大电力企业上网电价的下降幅度分别为:华能国际11.69%,华电国际11.22%,国电电力7.97%,大唐发电7.56%。

于是,在煤炭价格触底反弹的2016年,煤电的关系再一次戏剧性逆转。

 煤电一体化破冰

“煤电联营并不是新概念,神华集团在行业最惨的时候还能盈利,就是靠的这个,电力企业为了不受制于煤炭,也在布局煤炭矿区。”王明对时代周报记者说。

2015年,神华集团电力总装机容量达到7861万千瓦,仅次于中国五大发电集团,2016年,华能集团、华电集团、国电集团、大唐集团、国家电投的装机容量分别为:1.66亿、1.43亿、1.42亿、1.3亿、1.17亿千瓦。

但不同的是,神华集团燃煤机组的煤炭自给率达到80%左右。

“旗下煤矿卖给关联电厂的煤炭价格或许低,煤矿分公司利润少一些,但电厂分公司的利润就多了,汇总到母公司合并报表,内部核销之后,利润还能留在自己体内。”王明对时代周报记者说。

恰是凭借这样的组合,在全行业大面积亏损的2015年,中国神华归属母公司净利润依然能维持在161亿元的规模,体现了较强的抗周期能力。

相比起来,电力集团在煤炭行业的布局略显逊色。2016年,华能、华电、国电集团的煤炭产量分别为:6214万吨、4593万吨、5872万吨。

根据公告,神华集团与国电集团合并之后,新公司国家能源投资集团的总装机容量可达到2.2亿千瓦时,跃升为全国最大的电力集团,也将成为全世界最大的电力集团。相比起来,世界巨头法国电力公司2016年装机容量为1.37亿千瓦,意大利国家电力公司总装机容量为0.83亿千瓦。

但不同的是,法国电力公司的火电发电量占比仅为3.5%,更多是依赖核电,占比达到84%,此外水电占比12.5%。

神华集团的电力资产中,95%以上是火电。但显然,新能源才是未来时代的主角。多年以来,我国火电装机容量占比,已经从80%下降到64%,煤炭目前在我国能源消费中占比高达66%。根据“十三五”规划,到2020年要把这个数字下降到60%之下,非化石能源比重提高到15%之上。

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