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利用科技增强司法机构管理能力

2017-09-02 05:16:08   中国青年网

家事司法法庭在2014年10月设立孩童代表计划,以利用经特别培训家事律师的技能。在这一计划下,法庭可委任一名代表在诉讼程序中维护孩童的最佳利益。这些律师参与制备一份独立陈词,对抚养权、照顾和管教权以及探视权等问题给予中立建议,协助法官作出裁定。这说明了律师扮演的角色正在演变,特别是他们在由法官主导的诉讼过程中扮演辅助角色,共同解决问题。

记者:您认为新加坡的法律系统有哪些特点?新加坡的法律体系扎根于英国普通法,贵国的法律系统如何变化以应对蜕变的社会?

梅达顺:新加坡法律体系的特点有以下几个方面。在新加坡,司法机构负责公平地诠释和施行我们的法律,与其他机关处在一个制衡系统中,各机关独立运作,并且互相给予应当的尊重。

新加坡法律体系的变化经历一个过程。我认为一个国家的法律体系最根本的目的在于保障和维护个人利益和公共利益。遵循我们对法治的坚定承诺,新加坡法律最终必须反映我们社会的需求、价值观以及规范。新加坡的法律体系是经过多年建立起来的。在这个过程中,在多元种族和多元宗教的环境下,我们更新与调整了我们的法律体系以应对新加坡社会不断改变的需求,按当前的观点和社会规范诠释我们的法律。例如,在1969年废除了陪审团审案制度。1994年,向英国枢密院上诉的权利被废除,新加坡上诉庭改组为最终上诉庭。在2014年,我们设立了新加坡国际商业法庭以应对本区域越来越多的跨国商业贸易。新加坡法律体系的变化基本上是个不断适应调整的持续旅程。

记者:作为新加坡最高法院的首席大法官,您认为法官最重要的素质是什么?

梅达顺:法官执法是为了惠及公众而非为谋取私利。鉴于司法机关承载此重任,我认为法官必须具备以下素质,即独立、公正无私、廉正与专业能力。

第一,独立的价值包含了一个原则,即“法官判案时必须能以法律为准绳,以事实为依据,不受外在影响”。在新加坡,为强化独立的概念,我们为法官提供固定任期的保障、适当合理的薪酬、法官不会因履行司法职务时的作为或不作为被起诉等不同的宪法保障。

第二,所谓公正无私,指的是法官的思想公正独立。法官审案时要公正、中立,依法审判,其判决不可以受到个人偏见或癖好左右。这点是至关重要的。

第三,公众对司法机构的信心取决于廉正这一最基本的素质。对个人而言,他们期望法官是廉洁不腐败的。在新加坡,贪污被视为是一种无时无刻都得小心提防的隐藏威胁。因此,不贪污的意识从新加坡建国伊始就已深深烙印在人民的心中,成为我们文化的一部分。

最后,法官能否有效地履行其职责取决于他的专业能力。法官必需接受思路清晰、言行一致、应变能力、法律推理方面的培训,与其专业能力价值相关的是,法官必须能迅速应对法庭运作环境的变化,特别是当今科技发展日新月异及其发展对于司法环境的影响。

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