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给国产盾构铸心 为产学结合添翼
2017-09-02 04:16:00 中国青年网
“试用100米,效果和德国盾构完全一样,信任感就产生了。”杨华勇回忆,当时他的团队适时将产学研实地结合了一把,做出了中国盾构第一台样机。“我们教会合作方的工程师液压控制,把他们从应用者变成了设计者,尽管经费申请很难,但国家最后还是批了三千万的经费,用来做了样机。”这台样机就是“中国中铁一号”。
把中国盾构市场的“八国联军”挤出去
“我的科研团队主要从事电液驱动和控制系统的研发,这是盾构的‘心脏’,是国外技术封锁最严的部分,也是盾构隧道工程施工中,解决失稳、失效、失准三大国际难题的核心所在。”杨华勇和他的团队围绕“三失”难题,攻克了压力稳定性、载荷顺应性、多系统协调性三大关键技术,突破了装备内部密封舱压力动态平衡控制、载荷顺应性系统设计、功率自适应电液驱动、姿态测量与实时预测、推进纠偏与复合控制5个技术难点,研制了密封舱压力控制、机构和驱动、推进与纠偏三大系统。2012年,杨华勇及其产学研团队凭借“盾构装备自主设计制造关键技术及其产业化”项目,一举摘得国家科学技术进步一等奖桂冠。
“中国中铁一号”作为我国第一台自主设计与制造的复合式盾构样机,在天津地铁3号线营口道-和平站标段中,穿越了瓷房子、渤海大楼等对地面变形特别敏感的标志性建筑,局部地表变形小于2毫米,地面建筑完好无损,圆满完成了该标段的掘进任务。“中国中铁一号”的成功,为国产盾构打开了市场。“结果这个标段一完成,‘中国中铁一号’就出名了,一下拿到八台订单”。
国产盾构研制成功,正好赶上中国各大城市发展地下轨道交通的大潮,国产盾构凭借质优价廉的特性一下子在国内市场扬眉吐气了。“因为需求大了,技术又不差。所以后来把中国盾构市场的‘八国联军’全部挤出去了,下一代的盾构技术和硬岩掘进技术也应该属于中国,因为市场最大、产业最大,未来产品的发展最有竞争力,中国一定会成为国际市场的风向标。”
杨华勇,这位当年公派去英国巴斯大学读硕士,结果4年拿到博士学位的人;这位为德国盾构“出急诊”,结果开启了盾构国产化之路的人,他的视野一直在学科的前沿,产业的远方。“我们要培养一批可以仰望星空的人,由他们来探索,做国际上从无到有的事;同时,我们在相关产业配合企业做研发、做新技术、做从有到多的事。”
(本报记者 刘华东 本报见习记者 常莹)
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