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收养关系不能靠口头协定

2017-09-01 06:55:55   中国青年网

只有先调解

案情回放:公证员告诉刘女士收养关系的成立应该办理收养登记,收养不是说送养人和收养人两家口头上说好就可以了,不办理登记手续都是不成立的。但若刘女士和她妹妹能达成一致,公证处可以帮助刘女士办理收养协议公证。因为小丽愿意跟刘女士共同生活,经过公证处调解,刘女士妹妹一家同意继续履行他们原来的口头送养协议,签署了正式的书面收养协议,办理了公证,随后他们又到民政部门办理了收养登记。那么如果只是当事人口头上同意而没去办登记是不是这种收养是没有法律效力的?

公证员解读:只要是在1992年4月1日我国《收养法》成立后形成的收养,都必须要办理登记才有相应的法律效力,不登记,收养关系就不成立,就没有法律效力。有很多送养、收养家庭,开始关系都是不错的,当后期有了矛盾纠纷,当初的口头收养关系就受到了考验。因为口头收养关系不受法律保护,基于收养形成的很多法定义务也不能建立,例如法定的赡养义务。我们社会上很多收养,起因是往往为了养儿防老,但若没有登记,就无法建立起法定收养关系,被收养人对收养人就没有法定的赡养义务,所以我们奉劝那些还没有去办收养登记的家庭,为了防止以后出现不必要的麻烦,赶紧去民政部门办理收养登记。

那办理收养协议公证一般要准备哪些材料呢?办理收养公证,收养人送养人除了提供户口簿、居民身份证外,收养人应当提供这些证明、材料: 1、提交收养子女的申请书; 2、婚姻状况证明; 3、职业和经济状况证明; 4、县级以上医院出具的身体健康证明; 5、收养三代以内同辈旁系血亲的子女,需提交收养人与送养人的亲属关系证明。送养人也应当提供生父母双方同意送养的书面意见,子女情况证明及送养人的户口簿、居民身份证和不违反计划生育政策再生育子女等证明。

收养分两种情况

案情回放:前面说到,刘女士收养小丽是在《收养法》实施以前,她和小丽之间的收养关系是不成立的。《收养法》成立后形成的收养关系,都必须要登记,那么在《收养法》出台前也有大量的收养,这部分的收养,可能也有很多没登记也没落户,公证行业能给予证明吗?

公证员解读:这个问题比较复杂。《收养法》是1992年颁布的,1993年12月29日司法部《关于办理收养法实施前建立的事实收养公证的通知》(司发通〔1993〕125号)规定:“对于收养法实施前已建立的事实收养关系,当事人可以申办事实收养公证”。但是,实践操作中,很多地方民政部门到1999年才正式开始登记业务。就1992年4月1日至1999年4月1日这段时期的事实收养如何办理的问题,2000年3月3日司法部关于《贯彻执行<中华人民共和国收养法>若干问题的意见》(司发通〔2000〕33号),该意见第六条规定:“对原收养法施行前发生的事实收养,公证机构仍按《司法部关于办理收养法实施前建立的事实收养关系公证的通知》(司发通〔1993〕125号)规定办理事实收养公证”。

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