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辽阳博物馆最大石碑讲述一段往事 东阿氏家族助努尔哈赤打天下

2017-08-31 09:48:11   中国青年网

成为驸马的何和礼专心辅佐努尔哈赤,功勋卓著,成为后金开国五大臣之一。辽阳博物馆馆藏的何和礼诰封碑碑文基本上概述了他一生的卓越功绩。清太祖天命九年(1624年)八月,何和礼去世,此前五大臣当中的其他四位已先后身亡。

得知何和礼去世后,努尔哈赤不胜悲痛,命皇后和其他高官显贵前往灵堂吊唁,自己则坐在宫中伤心恸哭,嘴里不停地说:“朕所与并肩友好诸大臣,何不遗一人以送朕老耶?”

后来,清世祖福临追谥何和礼“温顺”,并“勒石纪功”,现存于辽阳博物馆碑林的何和礼诰封碑就是顺治皇帝赐建。

彭春缘何葬在墓园中有待进一步考证

“与东阿氏家族有关的这几块石碑中,基本都是诰命碑,仅有一块为墓碑,主人是何和礼四世孙彭春。”张君弘说。

彭春官至正红旗满洲都统,一生征战无数,最为辉煌的一页是反击沙俄的雅克萨保卫战。作为战役的主帅,彭春的功劳最大,因而受到康熙皇帝的特别嘉奖。

康熙二十四年(1685年),兵部商议后认为,“都统公彭春等招抚雅克萨城罗刹,应作头等军功。”但康熙皇帝还嫌低了些,最终授予彭春“头等第一军功”。

据了解,辽阳博物馆馆藏的东阿氏家族石碑,皆出自于东阿氏墓园。除了碑廊中部陈列的这几块高大石碑,在碑廊东侧入口处,还有一块不带龙纹雕饰、雕刻相对简单的石碑,其正是东阿氏家族墓园的迁墓建园志碑。

根据《迁墓建园志》记载,何和礼殁于盛京,葬于盛京。然而,彭春的曾祖母端庄固伦公主及其祖母郡主却葬在北京。为此,彭春及其弟齐锡奏请皇上,想把何和礼及其子何芍图(娶代善女,号和硕额附,袭其父为三等总兵官)的墓迁到北京,与曾祖母公主、祖母郡主合葬。康熙皇帝认为他们父子是太祖、太宗时期的创业功臣,而太祖、太宗的陵寝在盛京,应当送公主、郡主到盛京安葬,而不该把后人墓迁到北京,故以“尔议不合”予以否定。

康熙七年(1668年),彭春等人奉旨将公主、郡主的墓葬迁到了沈阳与辽阳交界处的红宝石山,并建设陵园。后因地方狭小,欲另觅别处,但适逢吴三桂等发动叛乱和沙俄入侵,彭春、齐锡皆从军作战,此事就耽搁下来。

康熙二十七年(1688年),齐锡退职闲居,发现“此处(今辽阳灯塔市西大窑镇公安堡村)山平地阔,水土美好,草木茂盛,正可为祖辈长久之地”,于是决定将祖坟均迁至那里。到康熙五十五年(1716年),东阿氏家族墓园修建完毕。墓园里面葬着彭春的曾祖父何和礼、曾祖母端庄固伦公主、祖父何芍图、祖母郡主、小叔祖等。

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