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寻找股市“长跑冠军”

2017-08-31 07:27:25   中国青年网

在这种情况下,低估值、高净资产收益率、盈利稳定的白马股日益受到投资者青睐,昔日凭借编故事和炒概念让股价登顶的上市公司股价早已泯然众人。但是,当市场预期过于一致时,白马股的估值可能就达到了一个较为合理的水平,继续持有或者增买的性价比已变得不再可观。

于是,市场开始聚焦于寻找穿越周期的“长跑冠军”。

穿越牛熊秘诀

相对于短跑选手来说,长跑选手胜在耐力与速度的完美结合。如果将这种对比关系平移到股票市场,股市的“长跑冠军”就是那些能长时间、持续创造优秀业绩的上市公司。

广发证券分析师郑恺团队在对美日韩证券市场研究后发现,拉长投资周期来看,海内外股市都存在着能够穿越牛熊、持续跑赢市场的“长跑冠军”。这些上市公司具备如下特质:首先,指数的绝对上涨趋势维持至少5年以上;其次,在长期上涨趋势中,持续有相对大盘的超额收益;再次,在长期上涨阶段的累计涨幅排名处于所有行业前列。

在综合比较后,郑恺团队发现不同国家的“长跑冠军”既有同质化的特征,也有差异化的特点。同质化的“长跑冠军”往往是稳定增长的必需消费品,或者顺应本国人口结构变化及国民消费升级趋势的服务类行业,有差异化特点的“长跑冠军”往往是该国在全球分工中的优势行业,享受全球市场红利。

以消费品为例,其在美日韩股市均表现出能够穿越牛熊的持续上涨,从而成为投资者中长线配置的优选。这主要是因为经济周期起伏波动,但食品和医药等必需消费品需求弹性弱,受周期波动的影响相对较小,业绩稳定增长,盈利和估值具有相对优势。同时,人口和收入是驱动消费需求的长期因素,新生消费群体的崛起和富裕人群的占比提高会带来消费升级。此外,随着竞争格局优化和行业集中度不断提升,大浪淘沙后龙头公司往往强者恒强,享受近乎垄断的利润。

与海外规律相似,A股部分细分消费品行业内的上市公司也已实现了长牛,如2006年以来的白色家电公司、2008年至2012年的白酒类公司,这些企业长牛时期均对应着市场需求爆发式增长时期。

商务部相关统计数据显示,2016年我国最终消费对经济增长的贡献率达64.6%,并呈现出消费需求由满足日常需求向追求品质转变,消费品类从以商品为主向商品和服务并重转变,消费行为由千人一面向个性、多元转变等诸多特点。随着消费升级推进,行业空间将再次被拓展,因此也孕育着潜在的“长跑冠军”。

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