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取消著名商标认定是政府职能“归位”

2017-08-29 04:21:07   中国青年网

著名商标认定会导致“市场失灵”

中央财经大学法学院教授、知识产权研究中心主任杜颖认为,叫停著名商标评定,使这个一直以来饱受诟病的制度退出历史舞台,是政府职能“归位”的应时之举。

杜颖分析认为,著名商标的黯然离场固然有诸多制度层面的原因:地方保护主义、认定中证据造假、认定失当甚至权力寻租现象,“但在我看来,最根本的动因还是来自于对商标法律制度本质的追问和政府职能的正确定位。”

她指出,现代商标法律制度是以消费者为中心构建的,离开了消费者这一视角,商标法律制度便如大厦离基、江河失源。商标立法首要宗旨即为保护消费者不致发生商品或服务来源混淆,保障生产经营者合法权益和维护正常市场竞争秩序也都服务于这一立法宗旨。

而在我国,多年以来著名商标都是通过行政主管机关的认定程序对商标及其承载的信息附加值做出判断,进而给予其加强版保护,这会人为干扰市场自然形成的消费者对商标的认知信息,背离了以消费者保护为中心构建起来的商标法律制度的要义。

值得注意的是,传统商标侵权行为,即商标假冒仿冒行为,其构成也是以消费者是否可能发生混淆为判断依据。可以说,商标法律制度设计自始至终围绕着消费者主观认知状态展开,从商标授权确权到商标侵权。

“整个商标法律制度的架构告诉我们,商标标志能否注册为商标、商标品牌价值大小乃至商标侵权是否成立,都是一个市场的判断,是由消费者的认识决定的,它不是某一个或某几个政府行政管理部门决定的。著名商标的认定中所体现的政府‘越位’首先体现为政府越过市场去行为,做了应该由市场自己做出的判断,实际上违背了市场规律。”杜颖说。

此外,杜颖还指出,从现代市场经济发展中政府职能的定位来看,著名商标制度也与政府应有的履职方式不符。

“政府干预市场通常是在市场失灵的状态下,也即由于市场机制不能充分地发挥作用而导致的资源配置缺乏效率或资源配置失当的情况,导致市场失灵主要有垄断、外部性、公共物品和信息不对称等原因。著名商标的认定并不是在存在市场失灵的情况下做出的,相反,它的认定反而会造成垄断、信息不对称等‘市场失灵’的后果。”她说。

为企业信誉背书有损政府公信力

清华大学法学院副教授冯术杰指出,从法律的角度来看,将“驰名商标”理解为政府对商品质量和企业信誉的肯定,是一种误读,改变了“驰名商标”概念的内涵。

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