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历代名家笔下的七夕,窥探不同时代的七夕印记

2017-08-28 21:51:02   中国青年网

至于长生殿的私语,白居易《长恨歌》曰,

七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时。

在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。

天长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期。

托白居易的福,七夕成了定情的代名词。

随着诗歌语言的丰富,不断有诗人选择牛郎织女的题材进行创作,这样深化了民间对牛郎织女神话的印象,古诗中首次出现牛郎一词。

《古意》

唐·孟郊

河边织女星,河畔牵牛郎。

未得渡清浅,相对遥相望。

(牛郎和织女)不能渡过银河(相会),只能遥遥地隔岸相望。

唐代以后,牛郎逐渐变成了一个凡人。

《鹊桥仙》

宋·秦观

纤云弄巧,飞星传恨,银汉迢迢暗渡。金风玉露一相逢,便胜却人间无数。

柔情似水,佳期如梦,忍顾鹊桥归路!两情若是久长时,又岂在朝朝暮暮。

【赏析】牛郎无法过河,只能在河边与织女遥望对泣。他们坚贞的爱情感动了喜鹊,无数喜鹊飞来,用身体搭成一道跨越天河的彩桥,让牛郎织女在天河上相会。王母娘娘无奈,只好允许牛郎织女每年七月七日在鹊桥上会面一次。由于农历的七月七日正当雨季,所以这一天常常下雨,人们便说这是牛郎织女的眼泪。农村中的一些少男少女还会趴在葡萄架的下面,据说可以听到牛郎织女的悄悄话。因为牛郎织女的故事美妙动人,所以直到今天,人们还常常以“牛郎织女”来描述夫妻的恩爱。

到了明清,在戏曲小说里,出现了爱情至上、婚姻自主的时代潮流,使牛女传说的情节更加丰富。于是牛郎有了哥嫂,哥嫂虐待牛郎并强迫牛郎分家另过;再后来又有了划银河的恶人王母娘娘。总之,作为口口相传的民间文学故事,牛郎织女的神话一步步向男女追求自由幸福、反抗家长专制、冲突更尖锐、对比更鲜明、故事性更强上发展。

牛郎织女的爱情故事流传至今已有2000多年,由古典中蕴含浪漫,更反映了难能可贵的曲折爱情。如今,七夕节也被称作中国的“情人节”。在这个充满浪漫和诗意的节日里,用意境唯美的中国诗词来表白,不失为一个好方法。不会写诗怎么办?小编来帮你《七夕诗词速成班:用大数据写一首古诗送给你爱的人》;再为你推荐光明网原创小游戏《七夕情诗 一秒速成》,只要输入你想说的话,就能定制专属情诗,给TA不一样的表白。你一定用得上,赶紧去写诗吧。

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