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“草”的文化

2017-08-28 09:07:00   中国青年网

古人常以日月与小草为媒介认识时间。“朝”字的古文字形由日、月、草三部分组成,日月同现于草木之中是日始出而月尚存之时,以此来表示早晨。“暮”字的古文字形中,上下是草木,中间是日,以太阳落在草丛中表示日暮时分。“春”字的古文字形由草、日、屯三部分组成,“屯”表示声音,严冬过去,当温暖的春光普照大地的时候,最先看到的是枯草中冒出的新芽,所以“春”由“日”和“草”组成,表示春天的到来。

年复一年,在与小草的朝夕相伴中,人们也在仔细地观察它,并借它认知世界,抒发心中的喜好与厌恶。

菟丝草中长得大的叫蒙,其特征是蔓生缠绕在其它植物上,好像为大地穿上了衣服,所以汉语中把一物对另一物的覆盖、遮蔽叫蒙。

古语中,茅、芦之类的白花叫荼。《国语》有这样的描写:由一万名士兵组成的方阵,都穿上白色衣裳,举着白旗,身穿白色的铠甲,手里拿上装饰着白色羽毛的短箭,远远看去如开得很茂盛的荼;左军的士兵把衣着、装饰都换成红色的,远看就如红彤彤的一片火。所以汉语中就以“如火如荼”形容盛大、热烈的场面。

蘭(兰)花是草本植物,其花幽香清远。人们喜欢兰的淡雅,常于诗文中把它作为美好的象征。《楚辞·离骚》说:“扈江离与辟芷兮,纫秋兰以为佩。”屈原佩戴兰,意在表明自己如兰一样美好而高远的志趣与意向。

“野火烧不尽,春风吹又生。”可爱的小草曾提供给人类不竭又无公害的生活资源,承载了古人很多的智慧与情愫,所有这些凝聚成了汉语中特有的草文化。(宛兮)

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