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消防安全,多少险情是不该发生的!

2017-08-28 08:27:00   中国青年网

在农村,五六月份是火灾高发期,期间半个月的出警次数就能达到100多次。州城消防中队李啸说,五月上旬,杨絮大量出现,而且都聚拢成团。一个烟头、一个火星就很容易点燃,风一吹,杨絮团四处飘散,火势容易扩散蔓延,引起大规模火灾。六月进入麦收时节,大量麦秆被堆积成垛。又值多雨季节,雨水渗入不能蒸发。麦垛厚重,内部温度很高,容易发酵。再经高温暴晒,内部温度持续升高,常常会发生麦垛自燃。“这种火情很难处理,因为麦垛又高又厚,用水很难浇透,但是不浇透,又像炭火一样,很容易复燃。

在城镇,火灾多由管道线路老化引起。8月23日当天上午,东平消防战士出的一次警,就是电线老化造成短路引起的火灾。此外,煤气罐阀门处的橡胶软管老化松动,天然气、煤气泄漏也经常引起火灾。,

刘奇特别强调,现在电动车过度充电造成的火灾在逐渐增多。长时间超负荷充电,高温之下容易产生明火,点燃电动车车身。电动车车身一般是塑料,燃烧速度非常快,一两分钟之内就会酿成火灾。更严重的是,电动车在燃烧过程中会释放大量浓烟,温度高达200度,吸入瞬间就会严重灼伤呼吸道,让人窒息,非常危险。

此外,公路也是火灾高发地之一。东平消防大队统计,发生在公路上的火灾每年都有四五十起。“大型货车载重量大,轮胎对地面的压力非常大,经过长时间的高速行驶,剧烈摩擦之下,轮胎的温度非常高,很容易起火。大货车一般都是双轮,外侧起火的轮胎又会引燃内侧轮胎,这样又会进一步威胁油箱。而且公路上一旦失火,很容易引起连环反应,轻则堵车,重则追尾甚至爆炸。”

面对高频的出警、复杂的火情,当地消防力量就显得有些捉襟见肘了。东平消防中队负责包括主城区在内的五个乡镇消防工作,共有消防战士25人;州城消防中队负责9个乡镇,也有25人。一般一次出警要出动12人,同时接两个警,基本上一个中队就全员出动了。每个中队的负责区域面积都很大,以州城消防中队为例,从中队驻地到最远的斑鸠店镇要一个多小时车程,在“时间就是生命”的火灾救援中,一个小时的时间着实有些长。

为了缓解这种尴尬的局面,现在东平县正在积极建设微型消防站。这种消防站将大量进驻社区、村庄,届时可以做到就近出警,尽快灭火,一般几分钟就能到达火灾现场。目前,东平县已建成百余个微型消防站。

大众安全意识亟待提升

救火灭火,是消防安全的最后一道防线。

其实绝大多数火灾只要稍加注意就可以避免。刘奇说:“主要还是缺少安全意识。一些人因为贪小便宜,想省钱,明知道很多情况容易引发火灾还抱着侥幸心理,尤其是一些小作坊、小饭店,线路老化严重,但是老板就是不更换管线,总觉得不会有事。公路上的货车司机也常常出于这种心理,为了省时间、省钱、省事,不及时加冷却水,真出事了后悔也来不及。”

更多的人缺乏必要的消防知识。现在社会上流传着很多片面甚至错误的消防知识。比如流传最广泛的湿毛巾蒙住口鼻逃生法,其实很片面。因为你很难判断燃烧产生的烟气是否有毒,如果有毒,湿毛巾起不了多大作用。现在消防系统已经很少宣传这种逃生方式了,因为它的适用范围很小。正确的做法应尽快报警,如果火情发生在所在楼层之上,就直接往外跑。如果火情发生在所在楼层之下,就用湿毛巾堵住烟气飘来方向的门窗,在最容易被发现、被救援的门窗处呼救,切不可盲目逃生。

为了提高民众的安全意识,东平消防部门也作出了很多努力。从年初到现在东平消防大队就联合安监部门、公安部门进行了十二次防火安全检查活动。检查范围涉及各大工厂企业及各种生产经营场所。同时,积极开展消防宣传“七进”工作,在机关、学校等各个领域普及消防安全知识,辅以消防演练、培训等对民众进行安全教育。

“其实,很多情况下家里只要安装一个烟感器,再备一个小型灭火器,刚失火时就能察觉,再用灭火器喷一喷,自己很快就能解决。损失最小。”刘奇说,居安思危、防患未然,才是防灾止损的最佳防线。

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