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提升利用外资水平 打造制造业新优势

2017-08-28 07:16:58   中国青年网

我国制造业对国际投资吸引力下降可以归纳为以下几个原因,包括外资增长空间受到国际投资格局变化的不利影响;国内市场饱和度、投资政策、要素成本的变化,中西部地区产业链配套不完善,物流成本偏高等都加剧了制造业领域外资的下行压力;外

商投资环境仍然存在很多问题,等等。

提升制造业利用外资水平的建议

制造业外资减少将导致我国外贸出口减少,下降趋势长期化或幅度过大势必会对我国经济增长的速度和质量产生一定的影响。同时还需要正视的是,我国工业基础与能力尚待强化,制造业本身的发展还远谈不上充分,必须牢固确立制造立国的理念和政策导向。在这一过程中,加快我国高端制造业的发展,推进制造业供给侧结构性改革,实现经济向更高形态发展,跟上全球科技进步步伐,都要继续利用好外资。建议从以下几个方面采取措施。

第一,大力改善投资环境。为了更好地吸引国外先进高端制造业企业来华投资,我们需要继续“筑巢引凤”。政府已经在这方面做了一些工作,一是取消或减少对内资企业的行业保护,扩大外商投资产业范围;二是简化行政审批,促进投资便利化;三是鼓励制定出台多样化招商引资政策。下一步要继续深化简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革,切实降低制度性交易成本,强化知识产权保护,尽快完成新外资法的修订,提升事中事后监管能力和水平,建立集中统一的外资管理体制。

第二,扩大开放和国际合作。近年来,各发达国家都在纷纷制定重振制造业计划,比如,美国的《先进制造业伙伴计划》、德国的《工业4.0》等,我国制造业发展从中也可以找到合作的空间。当前,同其他发展中国家相比,我国对外商投资领域的限制仍然较严。

我国应从顶层设计开始,制定开放目标和规划,可考虑选择部分产业基础好、配套能力强、发展潜力大的地区,建设各有侧重、各具特色的“中国制造2025”国际合作示范区,在市场准入、公平竞争、财税金融、科技创新等方面予以积极支持。

第三,加大人才储备和培养。目前,我国制造业技术工人无论是数量还是技能都无法完全满足转型升级的需要,中高级技工比例明显偏低。国内工资水平的上升导致劳动力成本优势削弱,从低端制造业转移出来的大量劳动力难以胜任高端制造业技术岗位需求,政府需要加大制造业职业教育的投入,完善技能培训补贴管理办法,在高素质技术人才培养和培训方面加大支持力度,制定企业对职业教育的投入税前抵扣政策,优化制造业人才供给结构。

第四,加大政策支持力度。仅凭低廉的劳动力成本,并不足以支撑我国制造业发展,在吸引外资方面也不具备明显优势。在新的发展阶段,制造业利用外资,一方面需要营造良好的市场环境,另一方面,也需要产业政策发挥引导和支持作用,应尽快研究制定支持制造业利用外资的专项文件,建立项目优先的政府服务通道,体现鼓励性倾斜政策,使国家有关制造业开放政策落地见效;应加强对已有各类支持性政策的梳理和评估,加强中央支持政策和地方支持政策的衔接和配套,提高政策支持的效益和效率;应加大对新兴产业的减税力度,清理各种不合理的收费。

(摘编自《经济日报》)

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