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“三展皇边,倒退四十”法库民谣有故事—— 康熙北扩柳条边遭蒙古王爷抵制

2017-08-25 08:46:26   中国青年网

东北唯一的“蒙古贸易市场”

清朝柳条边横贯法库东西全境80公里,法库边门是八旗驻防的军事据点和南北交通要道。如此重要的战略要地,最终发展成边门城镇,以至成为盛京地区北至黑龙江、南达关内的重要贸易市场,其水运经辽河码头直抵营口,这里曾设有防御衙门、驿站衙门、车捐局、斗称局和牛马税局。

清初,清政府与北方游牧民族的关系相对封闭,双边贸易只在边缘城市定期进行,法库边门的北门外早期就是与蒙古族进行贸易的“集市”,除了与蒙古人买卖和交换日用品、农作物外,还交换牲畜和毛皮。每到秋冬之间,蒙古王公派出官员带领商贸队伍,集合牛羊,来到法库边门与汉人、满人进行物物交换。

久而久之,这里就形成了牛马市、柴草市等,后又逐渐形成了固定的居住区和商业街,也有了劝学所、学堂、寺庙、教堂等场所。如今,法库仍然是全国重要的养牛大县,叶茂台镇还是中国北方规模最大的牲畜交易市场。

1905年,法库开为商埠,一度成为东北商业中心之一,被誉为“东北唯一的蒙古贸易市场”。

清朝末年,随着封禁线逐步被突破,到了咸丰年间,柳条边已形同虚设。光绪三十二年(1906年),清政府在法库边门处设法库厅,划开原、铁岭、康平、新民三县一府的毗连地方归厅领辖,隶属奉天省。开原县辽河以西地区划归法库,法库边门也随之脱离开原城守尉的管辖。到清末,驻守法库边门的文武官员及兵士撤走,柳条边荒废,边门也失去了原有的功能,逐渐废弃。

(本文照片由法库县文物管理办公室提供)

□本报记者/吴 限

回溯

“东北解放战争的

第一个春天”

解放战争时期,著名红色战役“秀水河子歼灭战”就发生在法库边门附近,曾被称为“东北解放战争的第一个春天”。

法库为沈阳的北大门,秀水河子是法库的交通枢纽。夺得沈阳者,必先夺法库。此时的秀水河子俨然成为国共双方在东北得失的关键。

《法库县志》对此次歼灭战进行了详细的记述。

1945年抗战胜利后。中国共产党洞察蒋介石“假和谈真内战”的阴谋,确定了“向南防御、向北发展”的战略方针,从各抗日根据地先后派出部队和党政干部到东北,组成东北民主联军。1945年底至1946年2月间,国民党积极增兵东北,大举进犯我解放区,他们分路入侵,节节逼近。1946年2月9日,国民党13军265团、266团进抵秀水河子企图驱逐东北民主联军,为进占沈阳创造条件。当时东北民主联军总部在法库,总部审时度势,决定集中优势兵力在秀水河子对国民党打一场歼灭战:集中一师、三师第七旅以及保安部队用于主要进攻点上,全面包围围歼敌人。

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