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白宫接连走马换将,特朗普意欲何为

2017-08-25 08:32:14   中国青年网

白宫的人事乱象其根源是特朗普本人的治理无方。一方面,他继续以经营企业的理念管理白宫,希望通过不同派系之间的良性竞争找到最优的决策,以及不断的“试错”找到最佳的管理人选。以班农为代表的极端保守派和民族主义者,与以国家经济委员会主任科恩为代表的温和保守派与全球主义者水火不容,而特朗普的家属伊万卡与库什纳等人自成一派,适时选边站队维护总统的最大利益。然而,这种竞争与“试错”的结果却变成明争暗斗、相互拆台与两败俱伤。另一方面,极端自负的特朗普似乎很喜欢看到他的手下相互争斗,派系间的斗争使得他的重要性格外突出,必要时他能够及时出手宣布某人“出局”,满足他凸显自己才是“掌控全局的大老板”的欲望。这种局面虽然特朗普喜欢,却不断消磨白宫推动自身议程的能力,让外界对特朗普是否“适合”做总统产生越来越大的疑问。

白宫内斗与人事混乱的后果就是特朗普上台200多天以来,政绩乏善可陈。从内政方面看,虽然众议长瑞安宣称半年立法成果超过克林顿与奥巴马政府同期水平,但重大立法寥寥无几。比较惹眼的仅是通过行政命令就能完成的几项,如退出TPP、退出巴黎气候变化协定等。他在竞选中一直承诺的废除和取代“奥巴马医改法”迄今仍未兑现,而最大的障碍竟来自共和党。此外,“禁穆令”引发巨大争议,美墨边境隔离墙在2017财年并未列入联邦预算,其他如税制改革、移民改革和重大基础设施建设投资法案仍然杳无音讯。

外交方面,由于国务院人员配备不齐,驻外使节大量空缺,美国的对外关系实际上处于停滞不前的状态。就在美朝双方隔空口角战不断升级的时候,特朗普再次威胁或将对其拉美后院的委内瑞拉动武。这种轻重不分与思路混乱的做法,是美国外交与国家安全体系人员匮乏和正常决策程序得不到履行的直接后果。而且,在国内由于应对夏洛茨维尔事件不当导致“政治孤立”严重的特朗普,8月21日再高调宣布对阿富汗与南亚新战略,实质上试图通过开辟外交新战场转移国内对他的批评。这种“围魏救赵”的做法更有可能使他刚出狼窝、再入虎穴。毕竟白宫的混乱之源是他个人,只要特朗普不作出改变,他的执政困境将会一直如影随形。

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