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《处置非法集资条例》公开征求意见 地方政府被赋予查处权

2017-08-25 07:51:45   央广网

中央财经大学预防金融证券犯罪研究所所长郭华教授解读,这次的征求意见稿使非法集资的处置更具规则性和可操作性。处置非法集资条例征求意见稿,明确了处置非法集资各职权部门的职责和分工,明确了刑事行政调查的基本情形,明确了行政调查的程序,明确了行政调查的措施,明确了清退资金及其他处置非法集资的方法。这样的一个条例使非法集资的处置,更具有规则性和制度意义,具有可操作性。

征求意见稿中规定,非法集资人、非法集资协助人应当依照有关法律法规和本条例的规定,对其违法行为承担责任。同时征求意见稿沿用《非法金融机构和非法金融业务活动取缔办法》的现行规定,明确非法集资参与人应当自行承担因参与非法集资受到的损失。这要求老百姓在理财时要擦亮双眼,否则只能自己给自己的疏忽买单了。

对于普通老百姓来说,鉴别非法集资活动并非易事,有的非法集资平台甚至会在权威媒体上做广告来蒙蔽大众。前面报道中提到的e租宝就曾在媒体上大肆发布广告。征求意见稿中提到的非法集资协助人的定义能否应用到发布非法集资平台广告的媒体之上呢?中央财经大学法学院教授,金融法研究所所长黄震认为,如果媒体没有尽到自己的注意义务,可能会被认定为非法集资协助人。媒体如果没有尽自己的注意义务,发布或参与了广告的创意可能算非法集资的协助人。此次对于非法集资责任范围主体增加了协助人,这一角色非常关键,因为现在非法集资各种角色中间形成了一种产业链。

非法集资协助人的法律责任,意见稿也予以明确:协助非法集资的,责令限期改正并予以警告;逾期不改正或者情节严重的,处5万元以上50万元以下的罚款。这在一定程度上给包括媒体在内的传播主体戴上了紧箍咒。

但是对于执法者和普通的投资人,如何去识别非法集资,可能是一个比较专业的问题。对此,征求意见稿规定,给非法集资下了定义,是指未经依法许可或者违反国家有关规定,向不特定对象或者超过规定人数的特定对象筹集资金,并承诺还本付息或者给付回报的行为。郭华指出这为行政部门、执法部门如何执行给出了明确的指导,也为民众如何识别提供了遵循。

一般情况下,应该从四个方面识别,一是查阅集资的公司或者机构有无工商登记,工商登记是否合法。第二,要考虑即使进行了工商登记,它的经营范围是什么,具备不具备募集资金的能力。第三,要考虑它对外承诺的收益率,一般年化率不超过8%,如果对外承诺的年化率比较高,则有嫌疑。第四,在宣传或者是对外表达意义时,是否存在低估风险或者隐瞒风险,或者表达没有风险。基于这四种情况判断。

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