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省长村长,都是河长

2017-08-25 05:11:12   中国青年网

早在2013年,因无序发展小水晶产业而导致水污染问题突出的浦江县,有两万家从事水晶生产的小企业、加工户,从业人员近20万,是浙江传统“低、小、散”产业的典型。

河长制建立后,浦江县所在的金华市,在浙江率先建立“五水共治”标准体系,率先建立跨流域治水联动机制,健全河长路长警长全覆盖网络,推进以治水促转型。

河湖水环境的污染表象在河道,来源在支流、沟渠,根子在河道的两岸。河长制的核心就是把责任属地化,彻底打破“环保不下河,水利不上岸”的九龙治水格局。

“为建立沟通协调机制,在中央部委层面,建立了水利部牵头的发改委、环保部等10部委组成的全面推行河长制工作部际联席会议制度。就在一天前,我们还在湘鄂边界开展了跨地域的打击非法采砂行动。”祖雷鸣说,为解决一个部门解决不了的治水难题,多地成立了河长制办公室,福建大田县还把水利、国土、环保等八部门执法权合并,建立生态环境综合执法模式。

在水利部水资源司巡视员程晓冰看来,河湖治理非一日之功,河长制重在建立水清岸绿的长效管护机制,实现河道管理规范化、精细化,提升管护水平。在推行河长制时还要引入群众监督,实现社会各界深度参与。

“现在在广西永福、福建大田等地,河长制和保护水生态都写入了村规民约,通过聘请老党员、村民代表担任村河长,河长制获得了源自百姓内部的参与和认可。”祖雷鸣说,现在很多地方还有了“河小二”“河小青”,这些志愿者也是社会参与河湖治理的生动写照。

合治:让“自扫门前雪”成为历史

从国家层面治理水污染,最难的部分就是跨界流域的治理。由于河流的治理涉及上下游、左右岸、干支流,在治理时容易出现“自扫门前雪”和“下游管不了上游”的问题。

为了在全水系优化水生态功能结构,河长制治水的跨区域联动机制已经在长三角展开探索。目前,沪浙在联动治水上已作出制度性安排,每年定期召开杭州湾北岸海塘联防会议以及“金嘉湖”水文三地联动会议,为区域治水防汛提供支撑。上海金山区与平湖、嘉善等地还建立完善了水域突发事件联动机制,可共同应对和处置区域性的水污染事件。

“要开展‘河长制’治水,河段与河段之间、河道与河道之间,必须打通,河道整治要向河网整治延伸和深化。”金山区副区长王益洋说。

祖雷鸣认为,在区域协调中,要建立完善流域统筹管理机制,在加强河流水质断面监测的前提下,建立流域上下游生态补偿机制。

“例如滇池治理过程中,以水质标准为依据进行断面监测,按照不达标水质水量计算对下游区县的补偿,如果到了最末端水质仍不达标,最末端的生态补偿金就交给政府,再进行治理,这样整个区域的生态保护意识大大加强。”祖雷鸣说,此外很多地方还建立了跨界河长,上下游河长进行河道共巡,互换区域履职,通过这些途径形成了上下游、左右岸治水合力。

(本报记者 李慧)

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