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共轨反卫星武器 太空中发起贴身攻击

2017-08-24 09:26:43   国际在线

记者了解到,“实践号”卫星家族主要用于科学探测与技术实验。如“实践十二号”卫星主要用于开展空间环境探测、星间测量和通信等科学与技术实验。

对此,兰顺正表示,“中国的‘实践号’卫星主要用于测试各项太空先进技术。一定程度上存在被用于军事的可能,在未来中国应该会发展以卫星来反卫星的技术,作为应对可能发生的空天战争的手段之一。”

定向能武器将成为技术主流

目前,美俄已完成或正在加紧研制有可能用于反卫星的太空武器。普遍认为,美国在反卫星领域的研究最为深入。

兰顺正表示:“从前苏联发射第一颗人造卫星起,美国陆海空三军先后研制和试验了采用核弹头、动能拦截弹头的共轨式、直接上升式反卫星武器和激光反卫星武器,共进行了30多次试验。”

他介绍,从20世纪50年代到70年代中期美国主要以核弹头试验为主。在这一时期,美国的防御重点是解决反弹道导弹问题,因此立足于建立反弹道导弹系统。与此同时,美国也利用已有的反导系统进行反卫星技术途径探索,并做了一些反卫星技术试验。1976年,美空军开始发展空中发射的直接上升式动能反卫星武器系统,并在1985年进行了首次拦截卫星的飞行试验,成功地拦截了一颗报废的实验卫星。该计划由于美苏的限制军备谈判而于1988年终止。1989年,美国开始重点发展地基直接上升式动能反卫星武器系统。反卫星导弹的动能杀伤拦截器于1994年成功地进行了地面捷联试验,并于1997年8月进行了首次悬浮飞行试验。1996年美国开始了一种新型反卫星武器的试验。这种反卫星导弹从地面发射,在导弹与卫星遭遇时,以一张巨大的聚酯板拍打卫星,使卫星内部的仪器失灵,而卫星仍保持完整的外形,从而可以减少空间碎片。

除动能武器外,美国也在积极发展定向能武器。定向能反卫星技术是指将激光、微波、粒子束等能量集中起来定向发射以摧毁卫星的技术手段。1997年10月,美国陆军首次使用中红外先进化学激光器在新墨西哥州的白沙导弹试验场进行了摧毁在轨卫星的试验。另外,天基激光武器从1992年以来也进行多次试验,技术上已达到了武器要求水平。另外,美国从20世纪90年代后期起也加紧了对高能微波武器的研制。

“从美俄反卫星武器的发展来看,未来定向能可能会成为反卫技术的主流。定向能武器拥有速度快、反应灵活、重复使用代价低、功率可调便于控制破坏程度等优点,在未来必然会有巨大的发展空间。”兰顺正说。

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