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培养诗书气质从娃娃抓起

2017-08-24 08:28:15   中国青年网

郑州中学的胡静老师支持增加古诗文的数量,但同时他认为,古文比较难教懂孩子,对老师们的教学水平有很高的要求,需要用合适的方法提起孩子的兴趣,这对老师的教学水平是一个挑战。

在安阳市正一中学执教多年的杨丹老师说:“学习古诗文有助于学生了解中国历史和传统文化,培养学生的写作能力和审美能力。也许孩子一开始对古文接受较慢,但是老师和家长要有耐心,随着时间的推移,学生会渐渐理解其中的含义,对以后深入学习语言和修辞很有帮助。”

家长:希望孩子从学习古诗文中获益

郑州市民张女士的女儿开学升初一,即将成为第一批使用新教材的初中新生。“腹有诗书气自华。”这是张妈妈让孩子多多学习古文的原因,“我们希望孩子通过学习老祖宗的优秀文化和思想来提高文化素养,成为一个有礼有节、有修养的人。”

濮阳市民常女士的孩子开学升二年级,她说:“孩子在上幼儿园的时候就开始接触古诗,可能是孩子还太小,对诗歌的主旨意义不能完全理解,但是学习诗歌本身是对孩子的发展有好处的,相信孩子长大后一定会慢慢从中受益。”

专家观点

适当增加古诗文数量完善教师教学方法

河南师范大学文学院语文课程与教法教研室耿红卫教授认为古文的名篇佳作,可以提高一代学子提高表达情思的语言能力。学生们在上学初期记诵下来的东西,如同每天的饮食,会变成营养,成为生命的一部分,长大以后在学习、工作、待人接物中能自然地运用出来。背诵古诗文不仅是要让学生学习更多知识,更多的是一种对民族情感和民族优秀传统文化的继承。继承《诗经》、《论语》等名篇中温柔敦厚、哀而不伤的品格,容易促使学生养成孔孟所提倡的至大至刚的人格。“但是这次新版教材古诗文增长幅度较大,孩子们能否适应,还有待考察。”耿红卫认为古诗文的数量可以慢慢增加,现代文中也有很多优秀名篇,对陶冶学生情操,丰富知识很有帮助,也应该适当增加现代文的比重,合理引导学生去学习。

面对新版教材的变化,耿红卫教授建议教师们要改善教学方法。首先要避免机械地背诵,强调“探究式学习”,重视讲解,尊重学生的学习兴趣。在小学的初级阶段,应该重视熟读吟诵,古诗的韵律感其实跟歌曲相似,老师们可以以音律启蒙,教孩子们发声。在小学的高级阶段包括初中,应该重点讲解文言文字词用法,让孩子们理解其中的含义。对于文言文中比较有难度的句型如倒装句,如果学生不理解,老师们可以对知识点进行概括,集中做讲解。同时不能忽略吟诵,要将学生朗读、老师范读和名家朗诵结合起来,将朗读贯穿课堂。

河南省语文教学标兵老师李冰认为,学校和家长应侧重培养孩子的阅读兴趣和习惯。可以在古文讲解中多穿插些经典小故事,名人轶事,既能吸引孩子们的兴趣,也能让他们拓宽视野。氛围的陶冶非常重要,好的诗就是一幅绝佳的画,教师可依据教材内容引导学生悟其意,绘其景,变抽象为具体,变静态为动态,激发学生学古诗的兴趣。中小学生喜欢外出游玩,教师可利用这些机会适时教学,同时也借此锻炼孩子的生活技能,这些做法和新版教材语文学习的思路较为一致。在阅读习惯上,家庭阅读氛围很重要,家长在家经常阅读,孩子也会跟着模仿,无论家长工作有多忙碌,每天都应当抽出一些时间与孩子共同阅读,分享名家经典,这对孩子来说,是一种无声的教育。

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