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我这样给孩子讲国学

2017-08-24 06:23:06   中国青年网

当然,这个“借境”在具体操作过程中,远比“造境”要困难。因为“造境”是固定的,可控的,而“借境”则是随机的,不可控的。显然,“借境”需要老师有更多储备,要像魔术家的帽子一样,随时随地变出奇妙的东西来。为了能更好地“借境”,我会有意识地在这方面多做一些储备。比如,“春夏秋冬”“风花雪月”等这些是在古诗文中常见的意象,我就会分门别类地系统整理;学生在学校的日常生活中会经常遇到什么样的问题,用经典可以做怎样的深入解读,我也会有意识地积累。在这些“境”发生的时候,让学生觉得老师是在不经意之中讲给他们的,但他们并不知道这实际上是老师长时间有意识积累的结果。

单一与多元

国学的内涵和外延都极为广泛。甚至有人说,“国学是个筐,什么都能往里装。”对待国学的态度,每个人也大不一样。崇拜国学的,认为国学可以解决一切,甚至觉得只要背诵了多少古代经典,就能成贤成圣。反对国学的,则把国学贬得一文不值。

我虽然热爱国学,但绝不迷信国学,不相信国学可以解决一切问题。指望着通过倡导国学来解决一切问题,既不现实,也不可能。所谓“世异则事异,事异则备变”。虽然经典所讲的道理可以穿越时空而来,但是这种穿越时空,必然要和现实生活有机结合才能充分显示它的生命力。同时,国学也只是我们自己的传统文化,是人类文化的一部分。无论哪一种文化,都有它的长处,也有它的短处,都是在适应它的时代和环境之下产生的。在科技日益发达,地球成为地球村的情况下,哪一种文化都不是全能的,都不是普世的,都需要有其他的文化来补充,来碰撞。历史发展的事实表明,中华优秀传统文化正是在不断吸收外来的各种文化中不断前行发展,才有了生生不息的生命力。

因此,我在教学生国学的时候,绝不“王婆卖瓜,自卖自夸”。我会时时告诫他们,要有一颗中国心,但要做世界公民。要有世界的眼光,世界的胸怀,无论哪一种文化,只要是于我们有利的,都要拿来,都要为我们所用,这才是真正的文化自信。因此,除了我国的传统文化典籍,我也会不断地推荐世界各国的优秀文化文学作品给学生,让他们从小就受到最好的精神滋养。

虽然有国家的强力倡导和推动,但是,传播优秀传统文化仍然必将是一个很艰难的过程,要耐得住寂寞,甚至要“知其不可而为之”。但无论如何,要记得,这是一个浸润的过程,是一个潜移默化的过程,不需要大张旗鼓,不需要轰轰烈烈。只要静下心来,不为名,不为利地去做,把这颗种子播撒下去,总有长成参天大树的那一天。

(作者:于晓冰 系北京师范大学附属实验中学语文教师)

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