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“嫦娥之父”欧阳自远畅谈探月

2017-08-23 09:48:55   中国青年网

“月球样品是非常珍贵的,一代人研究不完,妥善保存是为了以后更多的人做研究。”欧阳自远说,月球样品向研究机构提供都是无偿的,所有有能力的研究机构后续还可申请月球样品。除了研究之外,可能还会留一部分做展览和礼品之用。月球探测还将揭开月球起源、演化历史等。

B

月球上的受控核聚变发电燃料氦够—3全地球人用万年

为什么要探测月球?花这么多钱在探月计划上到底值不值?欧阳自远院士对此的回答给人以无限憧憬:“月球有地球没有的、目前世界公认的最好最安全的受控核聚变发电燃料氦-3。通过氘-氦3核聚变反应发电,从月球运回100吨氦-3,就足够地球一年的用量。而我国,1年只要8吨氦-3,足矣!”

为了找到新型能源,各国科学家纷纷研制“人造小太阳”。这些“人造小太阳”的工作原理是模拟太阳的核聚变反应,和氢弹的原理一样,制造出“人造小太阳”。月球1克土壤中含有几纳克氦-3,这将是核聚变发电的重要燃料。“氦3”是一种高效、清洁、安全、廉价的核聚变发电燃料。根据“嫦娥一号”的探测成果,月壤中的氦-3资源总量可达120万吨,至少可供全地球人类上万年的能源需求。

“嫦娥5号就将着陆在月球上氦-3含量丰富的地方。”月壤差不多每4亿年就会从底到顶翻一次,所以表土内的氦-3含量基本上平均分布,但是月壤中的氦-4是氦-3的几百倍,氦-3的分离在月球上是完全没办法做的。“目前受控核聚变发电还是人类的一种希望。氦-3点火温度就需要达到上亿度,现在只有美国做到了。真正做到发电,还需要几代人的努力。”欧阳自远表示,我国已参与了7国共建的国际热核反应堆工程,我国已投入100亿元人民币,同时成立了中国受控核聚变研究中心。这个试验反应堆将可产生500至700兆瓦的聚变功率,但还不是真实的经济实用的“人造小太阳”。

2018年嫦娥4号登陆月球背面,“这将成为人类首次探测月球的另一半”。

“嫦娥4号明年将着陆月球背面,这将成为人类首次探测月球的另一半。”欧阳自远说,嫦娥4号任务的难点就在于从地球上看不到嫦娥4号,也不能与之通讯。“所以,必须要另外派一条飞船,飞船可以完成嫦娥4号和地球之间的联络。这架飞船的联络方式让我们琢磨了好久,一种可以绕月飞行,一种是让飞船设置在地球-月球的引力平衡点即拉格朗日L2点,可以直接接收地球指令传达给嫦娥4号,还可以接收嫦娥4号的全部探测数据并传输给地球。”嫦娥4号也由着陆器和月球车组成,实施着陆器的就位探测和月球车巡视探测的联合探测。

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