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青海将建火星模拟基地
2017-08-23 06:26:47 中国青年网
“通过探测数据,我们已经知道了火星现在的样子,研究的目的是要搞清楚它为什么会变成这样。”他说,已有许多证据证明火星曾经有浓密的大气和大规模的水,曾经有温暖湿润的气候,为什么这些水都逃走了,是怎样发展到这种状态的,要了解这些,只能通过模拟实验把这个过程重现出来。“研究火星可以给我们带来很多的启示:地球以后可能会变成什么样子。”郑永春说,火星和地球是太阳系里的“兄弟”,研究两者的异同,互为参考,是极具价值的基础研究。
??为什么要开展模拟试验
除了在基础研究领域,模拟试验也在航天工程中发挥了作用。航天专家、《国际太空》杂志社执行总编庞之浩介绍说,针对火星探测,国内外已经开展过数次模拟试验。
2011年11月4日,包括中国志愿者王跃在内的6名志愿者走出封闭舱,标志着著名的“火星500”试验结束。庞之浩介绍,该试验由欧洲航天局与俄罗斯生物医学研究所合作开展,模拟了250天飞往火星、30天登陆火星、240天返回地球的过程。2015年,美国在夏威夷莫纳罗亚火山开展了为期一年的火星生存试验,模拟航天员在火星基地里的生活。此外,国内也开展了“月宫365”“太空180”等试验,模拟在太空的长期生活。
对于人类未来的火星探测计划,庞之浩认为还有许多问题需要通过试验来解决。例如航天器在火星降落时的“恐怖7分钟”,以及航天员经过长期太空飞行来到火星,微重力变为低重力对体液转移、骨质、肌肉的影响等。
他还说,中国嫦娥三号月球车开展地面试验时,试验场模拟了月球土壤环境,并通过横向和纵向的牵引,模拟了月球的重力环境。未来研制火星车时也应该如此。
(据《科技日报》)
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