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降压药为何只选对的不选贵的?

2017-08-23 05:01:32   中国青年网

赵教授介绍,他在一些基层医院坐诊时,常常遇到类似的患者。有的认为,是药三分毒,血压降了就可以了。有的反问,为什么降压药开始服用后就不能停药了,是医生危言耸听,还是真有生命风险。

对此,他科普道:血压升高之后,患者的机体、代谢发生了变化,自我调节达不到某种平衡了。特别是像高血压这种由于机体造成的代谢不平衡,是不可能回到原点的,就好像身体到了40岁时很难回到20岁的道理一样。因此,高血压患者需要医学的帮助,让血压接近正常。这个时候需要药物的帮助,使患者血压的调节接近正常状态。这种帮助应该是持续的。那种只在血压高时服药的做法也不是不可以的,只是以后发生心梗、脑梗、肾衰的风险大,有效生命有可能要缩短。

其实,随着高血压患者年轻化,不少患者是以能扛就扛的心态来对待,认为不能过早用药。赵教授指出,在医学临床,连续三次测量血压大于140/90,医生会判断为高血压病人。成为高血压患者是因为患者身体里基因致使其不能维持正常血压,是“命中注定”要吃药。而尽早服药的道理很简单,早服药对患者心脏 、肾脏、大脑是提前保护,高血压病人早服药、早受益、多受益,因此不要扛着。

他还建议,一旦确诊了,找到适合的降压药物,应该每天定时、按照原方案坚持服药,因为血压只有长期稳定控制,才能真正体现药物的益处。如果是根据症状来服药,高的时候用药,不高的时候不用,会带来血压的波动。吃药,一方面是将血压降下来,另一方面是维持血压的稳定。

此外,他介绍,长期服用降压药会产生耐药性,这是一个错误的概念。降压药基本上不产生耐受性,耐受性是消炎药、抗生素类药的概念。药物每天服用之后,是可以被机体代谢掉。这些药的安全是经过反复验证的,每天吃进的药物只是对前一天药物的补充,“吃药在某种意义上讲就像吃饭一样。”

五大类降血压药物比较

钙通道阻滞剂

60岁以上的老年人,建议先使用钙通道阻滞剂,以长效的为好。

这些药降压比较平稳,副作用相对比较少,价格相对比较适中,是中国人普遍用的第一类药物。这类药物的局限性在于,比较容易引起浮肿。因此,需要病人试用之后,才知道适不适合。

血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂

对于有心衰、心脏扩大的,又有高血压的病人,建议首选血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂,又被称为普利类的降压药,也建议选用长效的,一天只要吃一次的。这类药物降压相对温和, 其相对常见的不良反应是有一部分患者服用之后有咳嗽的症状。

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂

有咳嗽、心衰或糖尿病的高血压病人,建议首选血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂,简称沙坦类降压药。这类药物温和、持久、平稳。

利尿剂

对于高龄的、单纯的收缩压高的老年人,建议首选利尿剂类药。这类药物降压比较温 和,但容易引起低钾,因此要补充钾。一般不单独用利尿剂类药。

β受体阻滞剂

β受体阻滞剂,对于有心绞痛、心肌梗死、冠心病等病人主张首选这类药物。这类药物 可以减慢心率,缓解心绞痛。但这类药物减慢心率,有些人可能会兴奋度低,性功能受到影响, 精神状态会有所改变。

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