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“知水”的治水经

2017-08-21 06:26:28   中国青年网

1978年2月8日,曲久辉从父亲激动到有些颤抖的手中接过了吉林大学的录取通知书,专业是分析化学。曲久辉的第一次专业选择,为他后来从事环境科学与技术研究奠定了学科基础。

1982年,曲久辉大学毕业后被分配到哈尔滨建筑工程学院(后合并入哈尔滨工业大学)化学教研室任教。任教期间,他对给水排水专业及其与化学的关系有了初步了解。通过阅读环境科学方面的书籍,曲久辉意识到利用化学知识从事水处理专业的优势,并逐渐喜欢上了水处理这一领域。

在哈尔滨建筑工程学院,曲久辉认识了我国著名的水处理专家李圭白教授,并选修了李教授主讲的“给水处理”专业课。越是深入接触和了解,曲久辉越是被水质变化的奇妙和复杂所吸引。任教4年后,他报考了本校给水排水专业的研究生,成为了李圭白教授的学生。此后,他又继续完成了博士和博士后的学习。

1992年,曲久辉博士后出站后,来到中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室工作。这是曲久辉的第二次专业选择,这次选择成为了他的终身职业,也成就了他倾力投入的事业。

坚信实践出真知

在重视甚至攀比发表文章的学术界,曲久辉更强调把自己的研究与实践应用密切结合。早在20多年前,曲久辉就为自己制定了一个至今仍在践行的学术发展规划。“我一直坚信实践出真知,坚持问题导向,要从实践中发现新现象和新规律,不断获得理论或原理的认知和创新。然后再将其反馈到解决问题的实践中去,文章只是这一过程中的副产物。”谈到这些,曲久辉的眼中射出坚定而又质朴的光芒。

基于此,曲久辉发表的大多数文章都具有很强的实践背景和应用潜力。与其他学习吸收国外先进技术再创新的路径不同,曲久辉的理论研究成果往往是从问题中来,最终又回到解决问题当中去。

饮用水的砷、氟污染会导致多种相关疾病暴发,是世界范围内亟待解决的大问题。据不完全统计,我国目前至少有8000万人饮用砷、氟超标的水。砷在水中有三价和五价两种离子形态,已有的方法只能一步去除五价砷,而三价砷必须先被氧化为五价再去除。因而国内外都缺乏适用的解决方法。此外,传统的除氟吸附材料,其表面吸附氟的活性位点在处理过程中会迅速消失。

经过长期研究和实践,曲久辉发现,在氧化锰和羟基铁等复合金属氧化物表面,水中的三价砷能被迅速氧化成五价,从而和原有的五价砷一起去除。于是他研制出了以铁锰氧化物为主体的复合除砷吸附剂,发明了依据砷形态调控组分配比、吸附剂原位包覆再生、活性位点在线组装等关键技术,取得了水中三价砷和五价砷一步法去除的技术突破。在此基础上,他又提出了以铝聚合物与氟络合为核心过程的除氟新原理,进一步将铁、锰、铝等复合氧化物进行结构功能优化和技术开发,建立了饮用水砷、氟同时去除的新工艺。

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