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以审判为中心改革背景下如何强化侦查监督
2017-08-20 08:22:44 中国青年网
在以审判为中心的诉讼制度下强化侦查监督的基本理念
在以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革下,强化侦查监督离不开相应的理念作为支撑。
构建新型的检警关系。要打造以审判为中心的刑事诉讼格局,需要重新设定检警关系。在控、辩、审三方的关系中,检察院是法律监督机关,是以审判为中心诉讼制度的重要主体,是案件的审查者、核实者。这是检察机关在以审判为中心的诉讼制度中的基本定位。
以审判为中心的刑事诉讼改革,直接倒逼侦查机关按照审判时的证据裁判规则开展侦查,推动整个侦查活动依法、规范进行。为此,检察机关需要切实改变目前存在的侦查监督不力、制约失灵、关系失衡等现象,强化对侦查权的监督、支持。检察机关所进行的侦查监督工作处于刑事诉讼的上游,又是承上启下的关键环节,在规制侦查权上责任重大,需要发挥其在程序初期的监督、引导、过滤和把关作用。将互相牵制的侦诉模式改为侦诉监督、支持的新模式需要调整检察机关与公安机关的现有关系模式,改变检察机关与公安机关侦查活动相脱离的局面,使检察机关在刑事追诉的启动时能有效介入侦查机关的调查取证活动,为支持公诉做必要的准备。新型的良性互动检警关系应当以有效实现侦查程序的依法进行为目的,逐步构建以庭审需求为导向、侦查围绕检察机关指控犯罪的“大控诉”格局,充分发挥检察机关审前主导和过滤作用,通过监督的方式促使侦查机关规范办案。
检察引导侦查的监督机制。在以审判为中心的诉讼制度中,检察机关是审前程序的主导者。为形成更完备的审前程序,应建立由检察机关主导的“大控诉”格局,构建以公诉为主导的刑事指控体系,检察机关应引导、介入侦查。同时,应强化侦查监督。
检察机关加强对公安机关侦查工作的引导及法律监督,主要包括:一是建立紧密衔接的捕诉关系。侦查监督部门和公诉部门分别负责审查逮捕和审查起诉,共同担负指控犯罪和诉讼监督的职能,均为侦查程序的把关者和监督者。为了加强内部制约,同时避免检察官的角色冲突,应坚持捕诉分设、健全捕诉衔接工作机制。二是建立共同介入侦查引导取证机制。在侦查过程中,捕诉要加强与有关部门的沟通协调和工作联动,捕前共同介入侦查,引导监督侦查取证工作,为提高案件质量打下坚实基础。三是建立跟踪非法取证的监督机制。对可能出现非法证据风险等案件,侦查监督部门要及时通报公诉部门,便于公诉部门提前应对。四是探索建立重大疑难案件侦查机关听取检察机关意见和建议的制度。公安机关就重大疑难案件听取检察机关意见,有助于检察机关提前介入侦查活动,贯彻证据裁判原则。在我国警检分立的警检关系模式下,公安机关听取检察机关意见,是主动将审查关口提前并主动寻求监督与制约的体现。
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