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循着“趣味”,发现文化演进“密码”

2017-08-19 08:16:46   中国青年网

如果说有所区别的话,海外汉学家更多地采用“由外而内”的视角,从比较文化视阈中讨论中国问题;中国学者更多地采用“由内而外”的视角,站在中国文化本位的立场上讨论中国问题。

跨时空的一种“存在”

读书周刊:古典文学学术史作为中华文明历史进程的一个重要侧面,散发着怎样别具一格的中国趣味?

郭英德:在书中,我概括地阐释过这一问题。我从古典文学学术史的历史演进中,抽绎出内蕴的中华民族的文化精神和艺术精神。比如,我认为中国古典文学学术史的原始思维方式,具有开放型的结构。

古典文学学术史几乎将古代一切有文字记载的文献资料都作为自己的研究对象,不强调文学的纯粹性、排他性,而强调文学的包容性、根本性,从而为文学提供更有力的存在根据。往深一层看,这不也是当今身处全球化时代的中国所展示的独特的文化风貌吗?

即便是对纯文学现象进行研究,中国古代学者也从不采取封闭式、内敛式的研究方法,而是偏好开放式、外向式的研究方法,把文学文本和作家、社会、历史、文化传统等打成一片,融会贯通,进行综合性、整体性研究。中国古典文学学术史的这种“文化整体性”观念,不也具有相当鲜明的“现代特征”吗?因此,所谓中国趣味,绝不仅仅是一种过去形态,还是一种现在形态,甚至是一种未来形态。

读书周刊:同理,您认为,“文学作品具有一种跨时空的特殊功能,它不仅存在于过去,也存在于现在,直接诉诸现代人的审美感受和文学体验。”所以,今天的读者阅读古典文学,不是隔着时空面对那些遥远的文字,而是跨越时空延续有温度的体验。

郭英德:这恰恰是古代文学研究独特的魅力所在。与其他领域的历史研究不同,古代文学研究面对的对象,是一个个具有鲜活生命力的文学文本。作为一种“存在”,这些文本是跨时空的。今天的读者和历代《诗经》《文选》、李杜诗、苏辛词的读者,阅读的是同一个文学文本。这些文本不仅“活”在古代,也同样“活”在当代,以鲜活的生命力激发当代读者的审美感受。

例如,当我们读到《史记》中“王侯将相,宁有种乎”时,我们不是冷静地分析陈胜、吴广的时代背景、政治抱负、人际关系等等,而是首先热切地感受到一股强劲的生命律动,由此提升我们的人生志向,充实我们的生命价值。

在古代找到未来

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