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“中国版市政债”发行大幕开启

2017-08-16 10:44:56   中国经济网

机遇 或拓宽基础设施领域融资渠道

我国地方政府规范举债的“前门”正在逐步扩围。8月2日,继土地储备专项债和收费公路专项债之后,备受关注的中国版“市政收益债”浮出水面。财政部印发了《关于试点发展项目收益与融资自求平衡的地方政府专项债券品种的通知》(以下简称89号文)。89号文明确,在法定专项债务限额内,鼓励地方试点发展项目收益专项债券。

业内人士指出,土地储备专项债、收费公路专项债以及其他项目收益专项债,是地方政府专项债券品种的重要创新,是打造真正意义上的市政债券的基础和前提。当前背景下,“开前门”不断扩围加力,旨在从我国实际出发,规范地方举债行为,保障地方合理融资需求,拓展相关建设领域的筹资渠道。

以土地储备专项债为例,2015年以前,我国地方土地储备资金的来源以银行贷款为主。2015年起实施的新预算法规定,地方政府应当通过发行地方政府债券方式举借债务,除此以外不得以其他任何方式举债。按照新预算法要求,各地不得再向银行业金融机构举借土地储备贷款,土地储备融资需求应当通过省级政府发行地方政府债券方式解决。

公路债也是类似的背景。新预算法实施后,地方原有各类交通融资平台的政府融资功能被取消,“贷款修路、收费还贷”模式需要相应调整,改为政府发行专项债券方式筹措建设资金。

业内预计,未来专项债的发展有望提速,也将带来更多的机遇。在中诚信分析师杨小静看来,考虑到地方政府在基础设施领域依然具有巨大的融资需求,而基础设施建设类项目适用于地方政府专项债之类的政府债券,预计地方政府专项债的规模会在预算范围内有增长的需求。她对《经济参考报》记者表示,89号文规定,项目收益专项债券只要符合产业政策即可,不限于公益性事业领域的项目,并且具有一定收益性,除了土地储备和收费公路之外,其他行业如供水、污水处理、垃圾处理、燃气、供电等,这类项目未来可以产生一定的经营性收入,均可以作为地方政府专项债的品种进行发行。

防控 “疏堵结合”防范地方债风险

自7月以来,从全国金融工作会议,到中央政治局会议,再到7月28日的国务院常务会议,近期三次高层会议都提到“地方债”,严管信号释放明显。

下一步,“疏堵结合”防范地方债风险将成为财政政策的重点。在“开前门”的同时,“堵后门”从严的趋势仍将持续。今年以来,财政部已经陆续曝光并问责了数起地方违法违规举债案例,并相继印发《关于进一步规范地方政府举债融资行为的通知》和《关于坚决制止以政府购买服务名义违法违规举债的通知》,对地方变相举债行为提出了限期整改的要求。

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