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从绿化荒山到绿色发展(砥砺奋进的五年·绿色发展 绿色生活)

2017-08-16 06:13:01   中国青年网

坡度近60度的陡峭山坡,在北山处处可见。而比陡坡更常见的,是红色的栗钙土。“这种土壤占北山土质的90%,遇水即散,太阳一晒就又板结,树苗种一批死一批”,张奎向记者慨叹,“更麻烦的是,栗钙土还伴生着大量羊脑石,你看,山势陡峭、沟岭相间、土壤贫瘠、岩石密布、地形破碎,毛病占全了!”

栗钙土、羊脑石,面对这片绿化造林“禁区”,有一个叫田志敏的人说“不”。

1999年,时任青海福利石膏开发总公司经理的他,被政府告知因西宁南北山绿化工程,采石加工企业必须停产转型。“南北山绿化功在千秋,凭啥我们的职工就得丢饭碗、饿肚子了?”田志敏四处奔走无果,这才想通一个理儿:生态保护大势所趋,只有转型才能让企业获得新生。

于是,在原来的采料场上,他和南北山绿化指挥部签订了3000多亩的绿化协议。采料场尽是栗钙土、羊脑石,树苗种下活不下,田志敏想出了“换土”的办法:把栗钙土全部挖出来,填上适合植物生长的腐殖土。别人觉得“异想天开”,他却说干就干,带着职工们肩挑手提,把一筐筐腐殖土运上山,垫到树坑里,2.5平方公里的采料区竟然真种活了油松,如今已经耸立起郁郁葱葱的森林。而“换土”的办法,也得到了广泛应用。

让群众共享绿化成果

记者观察到,南北山绿化正悄然间步入新的发展阶段,那就是由大规模植树造林向实现城市森林生态系统可持续发展的转变。随着工程的推进,工作重点、社会环境、政策背景都发生了重大变化,一些现实问题急需解决。据了解,随着有林地面积的扩大和郁闭度的不断提高,经省市政府统一规划,目前陆续在南北山建成了湟水森林公园、大墩岭公园等景区,让群众充分共享南北山绿化成果,但由于生态环境仍较为脆弱,所以开放是有限的。

政府与社会各方投资共建“绿色银行”,这些年虽然陆续发了一些“生态分红”,但“股东们”不断增长的“红利渴求”与生态保护的矛盾,正在摆上案头。

“这种矛盾的背后,其实是从森林营造阶段向森林管护经营阶段的职能转变,是从绿化指挥部这一带有浓郁‘战时色彩’的指挥协调机构向‘和平年代’管护经营者的角色转变。”青海省林业厅副厅长邓尔平对记者表示,随着大规模造林完成,南北山绿化工作重点势必日益转向提高森林质量、构建较为完善的森林生态系统、保障森林生态系统服务的持续稳定供给,“未来需要逐步完善并细分南北山空间规划体系,划定生产、生活、生态空间开发管制界限,落实土地用途管制。”

相关的制度法规也在更新:时隔24年,2014年9月,青海省第十二届人大常委会批准通过了《西宁南北山绿化管理条例》。从早年的《绿化条例》到如今的《绿化管理条例》,改变的不仅是两个字。它回应了新形势下出现的很多新问题,如进一步明晰绿化区林木的权属,对承包取得的林地使用权和林木所有权的抵押、入股、流转等问题作出规定,对绿化区内生态文化旅游开发建设项目的选址、布局、审批作出规定,并列出绿化区禁止从事的“红线”。邓尔平介绍,总的来说,《绿化管理条例》为南北山的未来规划出三个方向,一要保持南北山绿化区作为城市森林的稳定性,二要兼顾服务市民绿色需求,三要重点限制与城市生态环境建设相悖的开发、建设、经营、生产、租赁等活动。

未来怎么走?其实,南北山绿化之路早已给出了可资借鉴的经验,也为更高层面的探索提供着范本:跳出绿化看生态建设,“走绿色路、算绿色账、打绿色牌”!青海省委书记王国生说:“国土绿化是改革创新的伟大事业,是全民共担的伟大事业,抓绿化就是抓发展,就是抓生态、抓民生、抓形象!”

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