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“变脸王”贝因美:业绩从预告盈利数千万元到巨亏7.8亿元

2017-08-15 10:15:01   中国经济网

2008年的“三聚氰胺事件”让中国乳业元气大伤,当伊利、蒙牛等乳企不得不整改、进行自我“疗伤”之际,来自杭州、以婴儿米粉起家的贝因美全面进军婴幼儿奶粉产业。

彼时,贝因美的创始人、时任贝因美董事长谢宏在接受《中国经济周刊》采访时表示:“中国乳业应该进行自我救赎,细分市场。目前中国婴童产品的市场规模在5000亿元左右,主要产品需求量年增长率在50%以上,强大的市场需求将给婴童食品用品生产及流通企业带来巨大的商机,未来的3至5年,中国婴童用品行业即将迎来发展的黄金期。”

谢宏的判断为贝因美赢得了发展机遇,牢牢抢占了奶粉这一重要领域。2012年,贝因美的市场占有率达8.7%,在国产奶粉中销量最大。当时中国市场前五大品牌中,仅有贝因美一家国产奶粉。2013年,贝因美继续保持市场占有率前五名。

三年换了三任董事长

但是,拿到了好牌并不意味着永远都是赢家。

从2014年开始,贝因美不断进行人事更迭,不但在三年之内换了三个董事长,业绩也开始持续下滑,从资本市场的“宠儿”变成“弃儿”。

根据贝因美财报显示,自2014年起,业绩从下滑变成基本亏损。2014年,贝因美营业总收入为50.5亿元,同比下降17.5%;净利润约6300万元,同比下降91.2%。2015年虽然净利润为1.04亿元,但当年贝因美收到政府补贴约1.24亿元。2016年则直接亏损7.8亿元。

贝因美将亏损原因总结为:在假奶粉事件、奶粉配方注册制行将落地、海淘奶粉消费比重日益上升的市场背景下,公司传统渠道的销售业绩剧烈下滑,导致经营出现较大亏损。

乳业专家宋亮认为,贝因美的亏损主要是因为渠道经销商不给贝因美卖货,市场出现大量的流货,串货增加。串货的背后是价格体系的崩溃,贝因美无奈之下,对市场上的存货进行回收,从而导致公司上半年巨额亏损。

而在王丁棉看来,贝因美业绩的下滑主要还是其自身在投资决策、财务资金压力、产品销售和成本控制上存在问题。“贝因美在取得一定成绩后盲目扩张,去年发生的假奶粉事件受到牵连的不仅仅贝因美一家,与其一起卷入假奶粉事件中的还有雅培。但目前来看,只有贝因美元气大伤。一方面公司高管层频繁更换,导致定型的方案无法执行下去;另一方面该公司在处理危机公关时能力较差,在行业困难时也没有很好地与经销商团队形成利益共同体。大手笔回购市场存货,对贝因美来说,并没有解决其根本问题。”

陷入低谷的贝因美开始通过一系列措施自救。

8月1日晚,贝因美发布公告,披露了拟出售旗下贝因美(安达)奶业有限公司100%股权及相关资产的进展事宜。

8月3日晚间,国家食药监总局公布首批奶粉配方注册企业名单,贝因美4个系列12种产品第一批通过国家奶粉配方注册,并且包揽了国家婴幼儿配方奶粉产品配方注册的0001号到0009号。当晚,贝因美创始人谢宏兴奋地在朋友圈写下“今夜无眠”。

然而,在业内人士看来,贝因美面临的问题绝非甩掉包袱、抓住奶粉注册时机就能再度崛起。

乳业专家宋亮认为,贝因美未来的挑战不小,“首先,贝因美此前的主要市场在三四线,而当前竞争对手都在做市场下沉,利用新政的影响拓展自己,贝因美面临更激烈的竞争;其次,贝因美的业务团队曾经历了大规模的人员裁减,能够承担销售重任的力量仍略显不足。”

也许,正如贝因美创始人、实际控制人谢宏自己所说的那样,“对于奶粉行业和贝因美,这都是一个拐点。”

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