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“裸归”成败,重在规划
白皮书称,如果不具备美国职场所需的“硬技术”和“软技能”,很难战胜来自世界各地的精英,更不用说与美国本土学生竞争。而中国留学生往往专业方向定位不准,不清楚本专业的就业前景、求职难度和岗位要求等细节,缺乏职业发展的观念,没有设计好职业发展路径,致使大部分留学毕业生“裸归”。
白皮书中的问卷调查显示,只有不到20%的中国留美学生对自己未来的3至5年有明确的职业发展计划;超过60%的学生回答“不清楚”和“不太清楚”;接近30%的学生表示“从未想过”。21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇接受《环球时报》记者采访时称,“裸归”是出国留学发展到今天出现的一个必然现象,其根本原因在于我国出国留学人员的结构和数量本身发生了很大变化。2007年之前国外的签证制度比较紧,顶尖人才才有资格;2007年之后中国留学人口开始井喷,中等学生也有了出国机会,甚至在国内根本考不上大学的学生也能把出国留学当成出路。在这样一个大背景下,九成“裸归”并不奇怪,要以平常心看待。熊丙奇认为,但“裸归”现象应该给家长和学生带来反思,出国留学到底是为了什么?“一定要做好整体规划,不要盲目从众”。
美国教育咨询公司引知的CEO乔尔·巴特里(Joel Butterly)则认为中国学生选择“裸归”不是因为想留却留不下来,而是因为他们对在美工作起薪的期望值较高。他对《环球时报》记者说,在美国大学毕业的中国留学生往往对自己的薪水期望值高于在国内的毕业生。而美国的就业形势相对不太乐观,哪怕是美国公民也面临严峻挑战,外国人更是难上加难。对于有意赴美留学的中国学生,乔尔·巴特里提出三点建议:第一,选择自己感兴趣或擅长的领域作为专业和就业方向;第二,若想在美国工作,可以考虑科学、技术、工程或数学方向;第三,拥有研究生学位对在美国就业会有较大帮助。
(原标题:留美中国学生“裸归族”为何多达九成?他们这样说)
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