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现代农业绿色发展的方向

2017-08-12 08:07:24   中国青年网

为了让垄作地区的农民也用上保护性耕作技术,省农委组织相关科技人员深入研究探索、典型试验,一举成功推出了平作等行距、平坐宽窄行,垄作等行距和垄作宽窄行两类四种保护性耕作技术应用模式,有效解决了不同区域、不同农户、不同习惯的农民接受和应用保护性耕作技术的难题,也扫清了保护性耕作技术快速推进中遇到的障碍。

秸秆覆盖量大影响播种质量,影响地温回升逐渐成为了玉米高产区推广保护性耕作技术的障碍和限制因素,为此,广大农机、农艺科技人员会同示范农户,经反复实践、潜心探索,提出了覆盖秸秆“条带归行”、秋季“条带浅旋”的技术方法,有效解决了春季播种出苗慢、地温低、播种质量受影响的问题。秸秆覆盖地表风吹堆积这种发生影响并不大的问题,科技推广人员也早有了办法,秋季玉米收获机收获作业时适当留高茬,茬上秸秆粉碎或“切段”还田覆盖地表就有效解决了风吹堆积的问题,留高茬固土防风、形成防风墙,秸秆受高留的根茬阻挡无法“串动”,一举双得,更成为了多种保护性耕作技术模式中的优选,成为了抗风蚀水蚀的理想措施。

五年的砥砺前行,换得了喜人的收获——

连续实施保护性耕作的地块,担心的病虫草害问题没有大发生或不可控制,早已离开人们记忆的田间蚯蚓又回来了,弥漫天空的秸秆烟尘不见了,贫瘠退化的土地变得肥沃了,土壤团粒结构和有机质含量提高了,黑土流失养分丢失一去不复返了,无雨旱有雨涝现象没有了,增产节支绿色环保生态可持续农业由此回来了。专家测试观察表明,应用保护性耕作技术的地块,土壤水库形成了,抗旱保墒能力增强了,土壤肥力恢复了,黑土流失杜绝了,贫瘠土地肥沃了,过去不得不烧掉的秸秆,现在成了还田覆盖地表、培肥地力的“宝贝”,成了农民难得的有机肥料,保护性耕作技术也成了农民赞不绝口的好技术,让农民降低生产成本提高收入的最实用技术。农民们算了这样一笔帐,那就是保护性耕作技术可让农民节省生产投入每公顷达1500余元,增产玉米高达3%—18%,干旱年景、中西部干旱半干旱地区和沙壤土等地块,增产增收和土壤蓄水保墒能力效果更加明显。

我省保护性耕作技术发展换来了农业可持续发展和农民增收致富的美好硕果:秸秆焚烧污染环境的社会性难题找到了答案,黑土流失土壤退化问题找到了控制办法,粮食降价农民收入减少问题找到了解决途径,现代农业绿色发展问题找到了方向,淡水消耗过大与抗旱保丰收问题找到了出路,更找到了保障国家粮食安全问题的良策。

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